Voting Rights
This amendment banned race discrimination in voting in 1870
15th amendment
Voting, attending rallies, and wearing a campaign button are all examples of this
political participation
In Texas, you must be a U.S. citizen, at least 18, and registered at least this many days before the election
30 days
This model expects parties to offer clear policy alternatives and hold officials accountable
responsible-party model
This model of elections centers around candidates rather than parties
candidate-centered model
This amendment banned poll taxes in 1964
24th amendment
Less than 1% of Americans participate in this high-level form of political engagement
running for office
This term refers to voting for candidates from different parties on the same ballot
split-ticket voting
U.S. political parties are considered this because they are not centrally controlled
decentralized
This term refers to jobs given based on political loyalty rather than qualifications
political patronage
This 1965 law banned literacy tests and protected Black Americans’ right to vote
Voting Rights Act of 1965
This term describes regular participation in both presidential and non-presidential elections
sustained political participation
Texas primaries are technically _____ but operationally____.
closed; open
These temporary party gatherings occur at the precinct, county, state, and national levels
conventions
According to this doctrine, spending more than your opponent isn’t necessary to win
Doctrine of Sufficiency
Ratified in 1920, this amendment gave women the right to vote
19th amendment
This kind of protest involves breaking unjust laws and accepting the consequences
civil disobedience
This occurs when no candidate wins a majority in the primary
runoff primary
The top level of party authority during election seasons
national convention
Campaigns are more likely to reinforce or activate voters than to do this
convert them
This allowed people to vote only if their ancestors had the right to vote before the Civil War
Grandfather Clause
This is the most frequently practiced form of political participation in the U.S.
voting
This election feature allows Texans to vote before election day
early voting
These organizations seek to influence elections, but unlike political parties, they do not nominate candidates
interest groups
Along with selective perception and party ID, this factor makes conversion unlikely
incumbent advantage