Beta-2 Adrenergic Agonists
This short-acting beta 2 agonist is used for acute asthma attacks.
Albuterol
Therapeutic range for theophylline?
5-15 mcg/mL
Common side effects of ipratropium?
Dry mouth and hoarseness
Two leukotriene modifiers?
Montelukast and Zileuton
Expectorant that thins mucus?
Why should patients report HR increase greater than 20-30bpm after using a beta-2 agonist?
Sign of systemic beta-1 activation --> tachydysrhythmias
Mild toxicity signs?
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, restlessness
Why use caution in glaucoma and BPH?
Can increase intraocular pressure and cause urinary retention
When to take Montelukast?
Daily, in evening
Opioid antitussive?
Codeine
What is the correct order of a prescribed beta-2 agonist and inhaled glucocorticoid?
Beta-2 agonist first, then steroid--> helps open the airway so steroid can work better
Severe Toxicity? What do you do?
Dysrhythmias/seizures --> stop drug & notify HCP
After using a beclomethasone inhaler, what should you do?
Rinse mouth- prevent oral thrush
Serious montelukast side effect?
Suicidal ideation
Why cant you give codeine if RR is less than 12
Risk of respiratory depression
Name two long-acting beta-2 agonists used for long-term control?
Salmeterol and Formoterol
Why avoid caffeine?
Increased CNS stimulation and theophylline levels lead to toxicity
Long-term prednisone risks?
Bone loss, hyperglycemia, infection, adrenal suppression, ulcers
First-gen antihistamines cause more?
Sedation and anticholinergic effects
Rebound congestion is caused by?
Topical decongestants when taken for more than 3-5 days (e.g, phenylephrine)
Why contradicted in tachydysrhythmias?
Can increase HR and worsen rhythm disturbances
Primary use?
Long-term asthma/ COPD control - not for acute attacks
Why can't you stop glucocorticoids abruptly?
Risk of adrenal crisis- must taper
Loratadine belongs to what generation?
Second generation- less sedation
Fluticasone nasal spray: how often?