Airway, respiration, and ventilation
A 70-year-old male who has a history of emphysema complains of difficulty breathing. He has four-word dyspnea, and you auscultate a slight wheeze in his lower lung fields. His vital signs are P 102, R 22, and BP 152/88. His SpO2 is 92% on home oxygen 2 L/minute by nasal cannula attached to 100 feet of extension tubing. You should:
administer oxygen by non-rebreather mask.
B.administer oxygen 8 L/minute by your nasal cannula.
C.administer oxygen by simple face mask.
D.increase his home oxygen flow rate to 4 L/minute.
Increase to 4 LPM
While resuscitating an unresponsive 69-year-old female, you achieve ROSC. Her vital signs are P 58 and R 14. You should next:
A 62-year-old female complains of left calf pain after she stepped into a hole while walking. She tells you she cannot walk or bend her foot down. You observe swelling near her heel. You should:
Penetrating injury to which of the following organs would cause peritonitis the quickest?
Which of the following signifies a failure in the patient's compensatory response to blood loss?
A confused 60-year-old female is having an asthma attack. She is unable to sit upright and keeps leaning to the side. Her chest is silent on auscultation. She is tachypneic and tachycardic. You should:
assist her ventilation.
A 68-year-old female who has a history of angina tells you she has chest pain. She describes the pain as sharp and rates it 6 of 10. She tells you she took one aspirin prior to your arrival. Her lungs are clear to auscultation. Her vital signs are P 104, R 18, BP 156/90, and SpO is 95% on room air. You should next:
A. assist with the administration of her nitroglycerin.
B. determine the aspirin dosage and route of administration.
C. administer oxygen by nasal cannula.
D. administer oxygen by non-rebreather mask.
B.
determine the aspirin dosage and route of administration.
Which of the following describes how the body responds to increased intracranial pressure?
Which of the following is part of the body's compensatory response to blood loss?
Why would a 21-year-old female who has a regular pulse of greater than 160 have signs of cardiogenic shock?
A. Oxygen diffusion is decreased because of increased perfusion.
B. Preload is reduced due to decreased atrial filling time.
C. Electrical impulses are not conducted efficiently.
D. Myocardial cells do not have enough time to repolarize.
B. Preload is reduced due to decreased atrial filling time.
A febrile 37-year-old female who has a history of HIV complains of difficulty breathing. She tells you she has been coughing up yellow phlegm for two days. Her skin is pale and sweaty. You auscultate crackles in her right lower lung. You should suspect:
A. tuberculosis.
B. pneumonia.
C. neoplasm.
D. influenza.
B. pneumonia.
A 64-year-old male has exertional dyspnea. He tells you he has had swelling in his lower legs for the last week. You auscultate fine crackles in his lower lungs. His vital signs are P 88, R 22, BP 172/92, and SpO Subscript 2 is 92% on room air. You should suspect:
An unresponsive 20-year-old male was shot in the left upper abdominal quadrant. His skin is pale and diaphoretic. His airway is open, and his lungs are clear to auscultation. You palpate a pulsating mass midline between his xiphoid process and umbilicus. You should immediately:
How is most of the oxygen transported from the lungs to the cells in a normoxic patient?
Bound to hemoglobin
Which of the following is a hallmark of irreversible shock?
A 76-year-old male complains of a severe headache that feels like a band around his head. He tells you he has been cooking with his grill in the garage because it is raining. His vital signs are P 88, R 14, BP 142/68, and SpO2 is 99% on room air. You should administer:
A. oxygen by nasal cannula.
B. oxygen by non-rebreather mask.
C. aspirin.
D. ibuprofen.
B. NRB high Flow
An 84-year-old male complains of pain in the left side of his chest that woke him up. He has a history of hypertension and hyperlipidemia. He rates the pain 6 of 10. There is no change in the pain with deep inspiration. You auscultate fine crackles in his lower lung fields. His vital signs are P 88, R 16, BP 148/78, and SpO Subscript 2 is 95% on room air. You should suspect:
A 47-year-old female complains of right hip pain. She was the unrestrained driver of a car that crashed into a tree. Her airbag deployed, but there is damage to the dash where her right knee struck it. As you move her onto the long backboard, you observe that her right leg is rotated inward, her hip is flexed, and her knee is bent. You should suspect a(n):
Besides bound to hemoglobin, how is oxygen transported to the cells?
Which of the following statements about neurogenic shock is true?
A 40-year-old female was exposed to fumes from a chemical at work when she opened a container that is now closed. She complains of difficulty breathing. After ensuring the scene is safe, you should:
B.
read the Material Safety Data Sheet.
Which of the following can result in the occlusion of a coronary artery?
An 81-year-old male complains of abdominal pain and difficulty breathing. He tells you he was stabbed in his abdomen. He has a history of hypertension and high cholesterol. You observe a one-inch laceration just below his xiphoid process. You auscultate diminished lung sounds and bowel sounds in the base of his left lung. His vital signs are P 76, R 20, BP 144/88, and SpO Subscript 2 is 93% on room air. You should administer oxygen and:
Why do you hear rales when you auscultate the lungs of a patient who has pulmonary edema?
A. Inflammation and pus cause turbulence as air fills the alveoli.
B. Air trapped by bronchoconstriction is escaping the alveoli.
C. The terminal airways pop open with each inspiration.
D. Mucus plugs and inflammation decrease the diameter of the bronchioles, causing turbulence.
C.The terminal airways pop open with each inspiration.
Which of the following is not a consequence of hypoperfusion?