Neuro Know-How
This type of neuron releases acetylcholine onto skeletal muscle at the neuromuscular junction.
What is a lower motor neuron?
This part of the eye contains photoreceptors and is continuous with the optic nerve.
What is the retina?
This middle ear bone connects to the oval window and transmits vibrations from the incus.
What is the stapes?
Damage to this lobe can cause changes in personality, disinhibition, and impaired judgment.
What is the frontal lobe?
This structure lies between the midbrain and medulla, contains nuclei for cranial nerves V–VIII, and plays a key role in balance and facial sensation.
What is the pons?
This cranial nerve transmits smell directly to the cortex without a thalamic relay.
What is cranial nerve I (olfactory nerve)?
This upper airway infection presents with a "steeple sign" on X-ray and causes inspiratory stridor in children.
What is croup (laryngotracheobronchitis)?
A lesion in this area of the dominant hemisphere causes fluent speech with poor comprehension and repetition.
What is Wernicke area?
A lesion affecting the paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF) impairs this type of eye movement, causing the eyes to deviate away from the side of the lesion.
What is conjugate horizontal gaze?
This condition causes vertigo and hearing loss due to increased endolymphatic pressure in the inner ear.
Answer:
What is Ménière disease?
This autoimmune condition affecting salivary and lacrimal glands can present with dry mouth, dry eyes, and bilateral parotid enlargement.
What is Sjögren syndrome?
This acute confusional state often presents with fluctuating consciousness, disorientation, and visual hallucinations in hospitalized elderly patients.
What is delirium?