What does IP stand for?
Internet Protocol
Which topology connects all devices to a central hub or switch?
Star topology
What does LAN stand for?
Local Area Network
Which port is used for HTTP?
Port 80
What is the default subnet mask for Class C IP addresses?
255.255.255.0
Your IP address is 192.168.10.25 and your subnet mask is 255.255.255.0. What is your network address?
192.168.10.0
Which device broadcasts data to all devices in a network?
Hub
Which OSI layer handles data formatting like JPEG or SSL?
Presentation layer
Give an example of a Class B private IP range.
172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255
What does MAC stand for in networking?
Media Access Control
Which type of network connects devices over short distances like Bluetooth?
PAN (Personal Area Network)
What is the difference between public and private IP addresses? What is the difference between public and private IP addresses?
Public IPs are routable on the internet; private IPs are only used within local networks.
In which topology are all devices connected in a circular path?
Ring topology
Which OSI layer manages sessions between devices?
Session layer
Which protocol uses port 25?
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
Which OSI layer is responsible for routing data between networks?
Network layer
Name the device that connects two LANs.
Bridge
What are the ranges for Class A, Class B, and Class C private IP addresses?
Class A: 10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255
Class B: 172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255
Class C: 192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255
What does the Transport layer do in the OSI model?
The Transport layer ensures reliable data transfer between devices.
Protocols like TCP and UDP operate at this layer.
What is the difference between a Hub and a Switch?
A Hub broadcasts incoming data to all connected devices regardless of the destination.
A Switch forwards data only to the specific device with the matching MAC address, making it more efficient and secure.
List all 7 layers of the OSI model from top to bottom.
Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data Link, Physical
Why can’t private IP addresses be routed over the internet?
They are not globally unique and are blocked by internet routers per RFC 1918.
Which topology is least affected if one cable fails: ring, star, or bus?
Star topology
What is the default subnet mask for a Class C IP address? How many usable hosts does it allow?
255.255.255.0
You have been assigned the IP address 192.168.1.0/26. How many usable host addresses are available in this subnet? Show your calculation.
The subnet mask /26 means 26 bits are used for the network portion, leaving 32 - 26 = 6 bits for hosts.
Total number of IP addresses = 2^6 = 64.
Usable host addresses = total addresses minus 2 (network address + broadcast address) = 64 - 2 = 62 usable hosts.