SEPSIS, SIRS, MODS, BURNS
elevated BUN labs may indicate ______ dysfunction
renal/kidney
During the ebb phase, metabolic rate _____ while in the flow phase metabolic rate ______
decreases, increases
The pro-inflammatory effect of ________ causes damage to the respiratory monocytes
interferon-𝞬
To avoid worsening hyperglycemia and support lean body mass, patients are fed a ____ calorie, ____ protein diet
low/hypocaloric and high protein diet
When bacteria from the gut cross into the bloodstream, the resulting systemic inflammation is called
Systemic Inflammatory Response System (SIRS)
During starvation, BMR decreases and ______ become the primary fuel source
lipids
What type of cells produces cytokines that trigger the liver to increase acute-phase protein (APR) synthesis?
monocytes and macrophages
Nutrition support in sepsis, SIRS, or MODS should begin once the patient is _______ stable to avoid ischemia
hemodynamically
Which type of patient is most likely to experience the greatest nitrogen loss due to extensive tissue injury and a prolonged hypermetabolic response?
A major burn patient
Cardiac output, body temperature, and cytokine production increases during the flow phase which contributes to ______
hypermetabolism, increased muscle and fat loss
This most abundant plasma protein decreases during metabolic stress as a negative APR, contributing to fluid shifts and edema.
Albumin
A malnourished critical care patient that presents elevated phosphorus, potassium, and sodium after eating may be at risk of: _______
refeeding syndrome
An ICU patient presents tachycardia, fever, decreased urine output, and mild hypotension that persists despite initial fluid resuscitation. Lab reports confirm infection. What sepsis classification does this represent?
Septic Shock
Which hormone decreases in the ebb phase due to prioritization of energy stores for vital organs but rises in the flow phase due to hypermetabolism?
insulin
This acute-phase protein is produced by the liver in response to IL-6, IL-1, and TNF-α, and activates the complement system
C-reactive protein
An ICU patient has gained 8 kg due to IV fluids and edema. Which weight should be used for calculating energy and protein requirements
dry weight or usual body weight