Foundations of Computing
A computer program is the implementation of __________.
What is an algorithm?
An AI algorithm architecture emphasizing artificial “neurons” whose behavior changes in response to input.
What is a neural network?
What is considered the first recognized computing device?
What is the abacus?
This subfield emphasizes the social aspects of computation.
What is human-computer interaction?
Creating a software program with cutting-edge methods is an example of __________.
What is innovation?
This interdisciplinary field studies information technologies and systems as they relate to people, organizations, and societies.
What is information science?
The subset of AI that allows computers to learn by mimicking human learning.
What is machine learning?
Memory in the ENIAC was implemented using __________.
What are vacuum tubes?
Applying computing concepts to advance science and research is known as __________.
What is computational science?
dvancements in natural sciences are recognized as discoveries, while advancements in __________ are considered inventions.
What is technology/computer science?
The belief that technologies are inherently neutral, and people decide whether they are “good” or “bad.”
What is the social determination of technology?
Very large datasets that can’t be easily processed with spreadsheets are called __________.
What is big data?
The first general-purpose computer was the __________.
What is the ENIAC?
Subfield focused on designing effective software solutions.
What is software engineering?
The idea that technologies can solve social problems but is now often critiqued.
What is a technological fix?
What field of computer science focuses on the mathematical processes behind software?
What is theoretical computer science?
In a self-driving car, recognizing that a traffic light has changed color is an example of __________.
What is image processing?
What piece of hardware is considered the “brain” of the computer?
What is the processor?
Mathematics plays a key role in this subfield, where problems are defined and solved mathematically.
What is theoretical computer science?
Clinical trials during COVID-19 were guided by predictions made using __________ methods.
What are computational methods?
Explain how computer science involves mathematics, science, and engineering.
What is math for algorithms, science for principles of computation, and engineering for building systems/software?
Purposefully injecting bad data into a system to crash it is an example of a(n) __________.
What is adversarial attack?
Identify and explain the four pillars of modern computer hardware.
What are storage, network, memory, and processor?
Identify at least eight subfields of computer science.
Theoretical computer science
Theory of computation
Information representation
Data structures and algorithms
Programming language and formal methods
Computer systems
Architecture
Artificial intelligence
Networks
Security
Databases
Distributed computing
Graphics
Applied computer science
Scientific computing
Human-computer interaction
Software engineering
You use AI to discover a completely new phenomenon in physics. This is an example of __________.
What is discovery?