GI Secretion Meds
his H2 antagonist blocks histamine at stomach parietal cells to reduce acid production
What is cimetidine?
This stimulant laxative irritates the bowel to increase peristalsis
bisacodyl
This phenothiazine blocks dopamine D2 receptors in the CTZ to stop nausea
prochlorperazine
Blocking D2 receptors in the CTZ with prochlorperazine can cause these involuntary movements
extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS)?
this laxative is safe for daily use in chronic constipation and works by softening stool without stimulating the bowel
docusate (stool softener) (dooky soft)
This antacid contains ___ and can cause constipation if overused.
calcium, calcium carbonate?
This bulk-forming laxative absorbs water to increase stool size and promote peristalsis
psyllium
This non-phenothiazine blocks D2 receptors and increases GI motility
metoclopramide
Taking bulk-forming laxatives without enough water can cause this swallowing problem.
dysphagia or esophageal obstruction
This mineral-containing antacid can cause constipation, while the other mineral containing ones can cause diarrhea
What are calcium carbonate (constipation) and magnesium hydroxide/citrate (diarrhea)
This proton pump inhibitor irreversibly inhibits H⁺/K⁺ ATPase to decrease gastric acid.
omeprazole?
These osmotic laxatives pull water into the bowel
What are magnesium salts / PEG electrolyte solutions
This 5-HT3 receptor blocker prevents serotonin from triggering the vomiting cente
ondansetron
This electrolyte-containing osmotic laxative is preferred for bowel prep because it prevents major fluid shifts
GoLYTELY / PEG electrolyte solution
Giving all oral medications at the same time as bulk-forming laxatives can reduce their absorption. A good rule is to give meds this long before or after the laxative.
1-2 hours
This GI protectant forms a protective barrier over ulcers when taken on an empty stomach.
sucralfate
This lubricant laxative coats stool to make it slippery 🤢
mineral oil and glycerin (glycerin is the best for kids)
EPS from dopamine-blocking antiemetics can include dystonia, akathisia, and this reflex loss in severe cases
What is loss of deep tendon reflexes? (sometimes tested for severe magnesium or EPS overlap scenarios)
overuse of this antacid can cause metabolic alkalosis
sodium bicarbonate
This antidiarrheal is sometimes called “pepto-bismol” and can also turn the tongue and stool black
bismuth subsalicylate
This prostaglandin analog protects the stomach lining and is used to prevent NSAID-induced ulcers.
misoprostol
These antidiarrheals slow gut motility or bind toxins
loperamide and bismuth subsalicylate
This med can cause pink/brown urine, photosensitivity, EPS, and anticholinergic effects
prochlorperazine (and a little bit metaclopramide)
Magnesium excess can block calcium entry at the neuromuscular junction, causing this effect on muscle
muscle weakness / neuromuscular depression - osmotic laxatives
This IV antiemetic works by blocking serotonin receptors but is especially high-yield for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting
ondansetron