Vocabulary
information scientists gather, like seismic waves, rock samples, and magnetic fields, to understand Earth’s interior.
Evidence
is solid, made mostly of iron and nickel.
inner core
What are Earth's layers?
Crust (outer, thin)
Mantle (thick, solid rock)
Outer core (liquid metal)
Inner core (solid metal)
The continuous process that changes rocks from one type to another.
Rock Cycle
The _____________ is important for plate tectonics because it breaks into moving plates.
Lithosphere
This forms when heat and pressure change existing rock.
Metamorphic Rock
This forms from cooled magma or lava.
Igneous Rock
Which is the hottest layer?
Inner Core
The ________ ________ is important because it recycles Earth’s materials, builds landforms, and shapes Earth’s surface.
Rock Cycle
melted rock found beneath Earth’s surface.
Magma
the rigid outer layer of Earth (crust + upper mantle). It’s important because it forms tectonic plates.
lithosphere
The living sphere
Biosphere
Which is the thickest layer?
Mantle
An __________ _______ can be broken into sediments by weathering and erosion, then compacted into sedimentary rock.
Igneous Rock
A __________________ ___________ melts deep in Earth to form magma.
metamorphic rock
liquid, made mostly of iron and nickel.
outer core
Heat inside Earth causes ____________ ___________ that move rock slowly, driving plate tectonics.
convection currents
The Earth Sphere
Geosphere
Evidence from earthquake seismic _________ shows how waves travel differently through solid and liquid layers, helping scientists map Earth’s interior.
waves
Volcanic gases are released into the _____________
atmosphere
This forms from compacted sediments
Sedimentary Rocks
the thick layer of hot, solid rock beneath Earth’s crust.
mantle
The ________ __________ creates Earth’s magnetic field
outer core
Which layer is liquid metal?
Outer Core
What is an example of metamorphic rock?
Marble