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What was the Three-Fifths Compromise?
Every five enslaved persons would count as three free persons for determining both representation and taxation
What does the executive branch do?
Implements and enforces laws
Who was the Italian sea captain who set sail across the Atlantic in August 1492?
Christopher Columbus
What is a protective tariff?
A tax on imports designed to protect American manufacturers
What did Eli Whitney invent?
Cotton gin
How did the advancement in technology enhance transportation? What did this new method of transportation do?
Steamboats and enhanced trains were built. Steamboats helped with waterway passage. Trains helped westward expansion and made trade easier across the country
In 1602, what man authorized a group of French merchants to establish a colony, what is now Canada?
King Henry IV
Why did President James Polk want a war with Mexico to happen?
He wanted California from them
What was the Industrial Revolution?
An advancement in technology where businesses began large-scale manufacturing using complex machines and organized workforces in factories
What group in 1620 set sail from England on the Mayflower to escape persecution for their religious beliefs?
Pilgrims or separatists
What advantages did the North have over the South in a war?
North had 22 million people, whereas the South had 9 million. 90% of factories were located in the North, this granted them more ammunition and supplies
What does the Fifteenth Amendment do?
You cannot be denied to vote based on your race, color, or previous servitude
What was the result of the Louisiana Purchase?
The U.S. doubled in size. The U.S. agreed to take on France’s debt, which was 3.75 million
What is popular sovereignty?
Citizens of each new territory are allowed to decide for themselves if they wanted to permit slavery
What did the Emancipation Proclamation do?
Decree freeing all enslaved persons in states still in rebellion after January 1, 1863. It only freed enslaved African Americans in states at war with the Union, it did not address border states
What is a joint-stock company?
A group of private investors who supported major projects to gain profits
What did the Townshend Act of 1767 do?
Put new customs duties on key British imports and enforced rules against smuggling
What controversy did the Connecticut Compromise cause?
Whether to count enslaved people when determining how many representatives each state would have in the House of Representatives. The South wanted to count them and the North did not
In the 1800 election, Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr were tied at 73 votes apiece. How was it decided who won this election? Who won the election?
House of Representatives chose and Jefferson won
What is the difference between an indentured servant and a slave?
An indentured servant is someone who is working under a temporary contract and they may receive benefits or be released. A slave is someone who is forced to do labor and is denied all rights
What did the Connecticut Compromise propose? Who proposed the Connecticut Compromise?
Divide the legislature into two houses. One being the House of Representatives, the number of state representatives would depend on the state’s population. The Senate, each state would have equal representation. Voters in each state would elect the members of the House of Representatives, but the state legislatures would choose the senators. Roger Sherman proposed it
What did the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo do?
Mexico gave the U.S. more than 500,000 square miles of territory, which is now the states of California, Nevada, and Utah, as well as most of Arizona and parts of New Mexico, Colorado, and Wyoming. Mexico accepted the Rio Grande as the southern border of Texas. In return, the U.S. paid Mexico $15 million and took over $3.25 million in debts the Mexican government owed to U.S. citizens
What did Senator Jesse Thomas of Illinois propose?
An amendment that would prohibit slavery in the Louisiana Purchase territory north of Missouri’s southern border. Slavery could expand into Arkansas Territory south of Missouri, but not into the rest of the Louisiana Purchase. This became known as the Missouri Compromise
What is the difference between implied powers and enumerated powers? What is an example of each?
Implied powers are powers not specifically listed in the Constitution but claimed by the federal government. Enumerated powers are powers listed in the Constitution as belonging to the federal government
What did the Fugitive Slave Act do?
A slaveholder or slave catcher had only to point out alleged runaways to have them taken into custody. The accused then would be brought before a federal commissioner. With no right to testify on their own behalf, African Americans had no way to prove their cases. An affidavit asserting that the captive had escaped from a slaveholder, or testimony by white witnesses, was all a court needed to order the person sent to the South