Dar al-Islam (Muslim World)
This Arab-led government was fragmenting and losing political strength as Turkic peoples were migrating into the Middle East from around 1000-1200.
Who were the Abbasids or the Abbasid caliphate
This moral philosophy emphasizing filial piety was adopted by the Chinese government to structure society and justify and maintain their rule over the population.
What is Confucianism
This was the predominant religion of southern Asia.
What was Hinduism
By 1450, nearly all of Europe had adopted a form of Christianity centered on this Christian religious institution, which became a powerful element of European society that persisted for centuries after.
What was Roman Catholic/Roman Catholicism, or the Roman Catholic Church
This religion became an important part of the development of culture all across North Africa, and eventually in parts of sub-Saharan Africa.
What is Islam
Initially employed by the Ayyubids as soldiers and officials, these non-Arab slaves eventually rose to power in Egypt around 1250.
Who were the Mamluks
Offering a degree of social mobility to the lower classes, this system was used by China to select officials for positions in the government bureaucracy
What is the exam/examination system
This agricultural innovation originating from south Vietnam was largely responsible for the doubling of the population in China
What was the importing/adoption of Champa rice into China
Continuing Roman-style political rule centuries after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, this European state continued to decline until the fall of its capital of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks in 1453.
What is the Byzantine Empire
Developing mostly due to its growing involvement with Indian Ocean trade networks, this civilization centered on city-states along the East African coast
What is the Swahili, or Swahili civilization
Missionaries in this new, emerging division of Islam were largely responsible for the spreading of the faith among new converts in the period between 1200 and 1450.
What is Sufism or Sufi Islam
Construction and continued improvements of this key waterway infrastructure stimulated commerce and economic growth in China.
What was the Grand Canal (system)
Becoming wealthy by controlling the busy trade routes through the Strait of Melaka, this southeast Asian kingdom became a major hub for Buddhist worship and learning.
What was Srivijaya
After the political chaos from the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, this decentralized social system of lords, knights, and serfs dominated European civilization into the 1400s.
What was feudalism
Islam reached this West African kingdom by Muslim merchants travelling across trans-Saharan trade routes.
What was Mali
Practiced by the Abbasids before them, these two (2) policies or features continued under the new, rising Turk-led states in Muslim world.
What were political/government rule or administration by the military leaders AND imposition/practice of Sharia law over their subjects/population
These were two (2) effects or features of the economic revolution and growth under the Song dynasty in China.
What are urbanization, industrialization, commercialization, population growth, increased metal/metallurgy production
This Confucian concept (phrase) in which Chinese emperors received their authority to rule from the gods was one of many cultural ideas adopted by the rulers of Vietnam.
What was the "Mandate of Heaven"
Labor shortages caused by the widespread death from this plague created a trend in Europe where increasing numbers of serfs gained their freedom from their lords.
What was the Black Death
Located in northern Central Africa (i.e. area of Chad to Nigeria) these people developed a strong urban and commercial culture centered on independent city-states, like Kano, Katsina, and Gobir, similar to those on the East African coast.
What were the Hausa, or Hausa-speaking people
These three (3) Turkic-led Islamic states rose to prominence in the Muslim world around 1200-1450.
What were the Seljuk Empire, the Mamluk Sultanate, and the Delhi Sultanate
These three (3) neighboring tributary states were influenced to by China's political strength and culture of Confucian ideas.
What were Korea, Japan, and Vietnam
These were two cultural features/effect originating in South Asia were promoted and employed by the rulers of Srivijaya.
What were Buddhist religious concepts/patronage/sponsorship AND the use of Indian political ideas/Indian-style bureaucracy/management in the government
Central to life in feudal Europe, this system allowed European lords to exercise social, political, and economic power over independent, isolated communities across Europe.
What is manorialism
Growing extremely wealthy from taxing the trans-Saharan trade of salt, gold, and other goods, these were three (3) kingdoms that emerged in West Africa and developed a reputation for great riches throughout the surrounding world.
What were Ghana, Songhay, Kanem-Bornu, and/or Mali