Bones
Name the 2 short bones
Carpals, tarsals
Which organ system is responsible for pumping blood and carrying oxygen throughout the body?
The circulatory system.
Which organ pumps blood throughout the body?
The heart.
Which type of tissue connects, supports, and holds body structures together?
Connective tissues, which includes bones, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments, providing support, strength, and flexibility to different parts of the body.
How does the diaphragm help with breathing?
The diaphragm contracts and flattens to help pull air into the lungs and relaxes to push air out of the lungs.
Name 2 examples of long bones
Clavicle, humerus, radius, ulna, femur,metacarpals, phalanges, tibia, fibula
Which organ system helps you breathe in oxygen and release carbon dioxide?
The respiratory system.
Which organ filters waste from the blood and produces urine?
The kidneys.
Which type of tissue covers the surface of the body and lines organs and cavities?
Epithelial tissue, which forms protective layers on the outside of the body and lines internal organs and cavities, helping with protection, absorption, and secretion.
Why is homeostasis considered a dynamic process instead of a fixed state?
The body constantly adjusts blood sugar, temperature to stay within ranges, not fixed values.
Which bone is anterior to the thoracic spine?
The bone that is anterior to the spine is the ribs.
The respiratory and circulatory systems work together to deliver oxygen. What happens if one fails?
If the respiratory fails then no oxygen enters the blood. If circulatory fails then oxygen can't reach tissues.
Explain why the extensive surface area of the small intestine’s villi is essential for survival.
It increases nutrients absorption. Without villi, malnutrition occurs.
What type of muscle tissue is involuntary, non-striated, and found in the walls of hollow organs?
Smooth muscle tissue, which contracts automatically without conscious control to love substances through organs like the stomach, intestines, and blood vessels.
Imagine a person is dehydrated. Explain how their body restores balance
Kidneys conserve water, brain signals thirst, and ADH hormone increases reabsorption.
Which bone in the lower arm rotates around and the other two allow your hand to turn palm up and palm down?
The radius, which crosses over the ulna to let the wrist and hand rotate during movements like twisting a doorknob.
A broken bone affects more than the skeletal system. Explain how two other systems are also affected
Muscular system loses support, circulatory system may bleed, and nervous system sends pain signals.
Which organ is part of both the digestive and endocrine systems and helps regulate blood sugar?
The pancreas, which produces digestive enzymes to break down food in the small intestine and releases hormones like insulin and glucagon to regulate blood glucose levels.
Which type of tissue transmits electrical signals throughout the body and helps coordinate body functions?
Nervous tissue, composed of neurons and supporting glial cells, which carries electrical impulses between the brain, spinal cord, and other body parts to regulate sensory input, motor output, and internal processes.
Evaluate why feedback loops are crucial for survival, using an example
They prevent imbalance. Example: negative feedback keeps blood sugar stable, preventing dangerous high/lows.
What bone at the base of the skull connects the spine to the head and allows you to nod "yes"?
The atlas, which supports the skull and forms a joint with the occipital bone, making up the "yes" motion.
How do the endocrine and nervous systems work together to maintain homeostasis in the body?
The nervous system sends rapid electrical signals to respond to immediate changes, while the endocrine system releases hormones into the bloodstream to regulate slower, long-term processes like growth, metabolism, and stress responses, and together they coordinate body functions to maintain stable internal conditions.
Which organ stores bile produced by the liver and releases it to help digest fats?
The gallbladder, a small, pear-shaped organ that stores and concentrates bile from the liver and releases it into the small intestine to aid in the digestion and absorption of fats.
What is the main function of tissues and the 3 types?
The main function is movement and contraction and the 3 main types are skeletal, cardiac, and smooth.
A patient’s pancreas stops producing insulin. Predict the effect on blood sugar regulation and homeostasis
Blood sugar stays high (diabetes). Cells can’t absorb glucose which causes energy shortage and energy shortage results in organ damage.