Cells and life
What is the most basic unit of life?
What is the valence shell?
What kind of bond holds water molecules together?
Hydrogen bonds
What is a hydrocarbon?
A carbon and hydrogen bonded together.
What functional group is -OH?
Hydroxyl
Prokaryotic cells lack a _____, while Eukaryotic cells contain one.
A nucleus
If an atom gains an electron, it become a(n)_____.
anion / negatively charged ion
What property allows water to stick to OTHER substances?
Adhesion
Why is carbon central to chemistry of life?
It can from 4 covalent bonds
Which functional group has a sulfur atom?
What are two ways that living things get their energy?
Aerobic cellular respiration, photosynthesis
Name the charge for each subatomic particle.
Neutron - neutral
Electron - negative
Proton - postive
What is a high specific heat?
Water resisting changes in temperature.
What does form "determines function" mean in biology?
Molecular structure dictates how something works.
Ketone and Aldehyde
What is an emergent property? Give an example
A property that arises from the interaction of parts.
Ex: Muscles working with bones for movement, photosystems 1 and 2 working together in chloroplast
What is the difference between isotopes and ions?
Isotopes differ in neutrons and ions differ in electrons/charge
What is a buffer? Why is it important?
A buffer helps to minimize the change in pH. Important to maintain homeostasis.
What do the bends mean in a complex carbon molecule? The lines?
Bends - carbon
Lines - bond
What functional group has a negative charge?
Phosphate group
What are the 5 qualities of life?
Organization, requires energy, maintains homeostasis, reproduces/grows/develops, evolution/adaptations
Explain the differences in covalent bonding versus ionic bonding.
Covalent bonding is the sharing of electrons. While ionic bonding is the loss or gain of electrons due to differences in an element's electronegativity.
Solvent - the substance doing the dissolving. Solute - the substance being dissolved. Solution - the solute and solvent together.
What are isomers? Name the different types.
Compounds with the same formula but different structures. Structural, cis-trans, enantiomers
What two functional groups are found on all amino acids?
Amino group and carboxyl group