Judicial Power
What is Marbury v. Madison, which confirmed judicial review?
This 1803 decision gave the power to federal courts to declare laws unconstitutional.
What is Schenck v United States, which created the “clear and present danger” test?
In this 1919 case, the Court ruled that some free speech isn’t constitutional if it imposes a certain and direct threat.
What is Brown v. Board of Education, the Supreme Court case that ended legal school segregation?
This 1963 case guaranteed the right to a court-appointed attorney for felony defendants in state courts?
Tinker v. Des Moines, upheld student free speech rights, protected what?
This 1969 case protected students’ right to symbolic protest by wearing black armbands at school.
What is Brown v. Board of Education, which ruled school segregation unconstitutional?
This 1954 decision overturned “separate but equal” and ended school segregation
What is McCulloch v Maryland, which reinforced federal supremacy and implied powers?
This 1819 case confirmed that federal laws and the Constitution are supreme over state laws.
What is Engel v. Vitale, which banned government-led prayer in public schools?
This 1962 decision took down school-sponsored prayer as it was a violation of the Establishment Clause.
What is Gideon v. Wainwright, which secured the right to counsel.
This 1993 case ruled that race-based redistricting can violate voters’ equal protection rights?
What year was New York Times v. United States, and what did it prevent in the press?
This 1971 case prevented the government from blocking publication of the “Pentagon Papers.”
What is Engel v. Vitale, which banned official prayer in schools?
This case was applied to public schools in 1962, which banned school-sponsored prayer
What is Baker v. Carr, which allowed courts to hear redistricting challenges?
In this 1962 decision, the Supreme Court made it so that federal courts decide cases about legislative redistricting.
What is Wisconsin v. Yoder, which violated Free Exercise rights for religious education exemptions?
This 1972 ruling made it so children could stop school after 8th grade, which protected their religious beliefs.
What is Shaw v. Reno, which challenged racial gerrymandering.
This 2010 case applied the Second Amendment right to bear arms to state and local governments?
What is Schenck v. United States, established the “clear and present danger” test in what year?
This 1919 case established the “clear and present danger” standard to limit speech.
Tinker v. Des Moines protected symbolic student speech in what year and did what?
1969 ruling that protected the students’ rights to wear black armbands as a protest.
What is United States v. Lopez, which limited the extent of the Commerce Clause?
This 1995 case lessened Congress’s power under the Commerce Clause by banishing gun possession in school zones.
What is New York Times v. United States, which reinforced heavy resumption of the press against prior restraint?
This 1971 case blocked the government's goal to withhold the publication of classified information.
What is McDonald v Chicago, which incorporated the Second Amendment to the states?
This 1962 case allowed federal courts to intervene when voting districts had unequal populations.
Citizens United v. FEC, expanded free speech protections for political spending in what year and allowed what?
This 2010 case allowed unlimited independent political spending by corporations and unions.
What is Wisconsin v. Yoder, the court case that upheld religious exemptions from compulsory schooling?
This case established in 1972 allowed Amish students not to attend school after eighth grade due to religious beliefs
What is Shaw v. Reno, which ruled racial gerrymandering unconstitutional?
This 1993 ruling allowed voters to challenge districts drawn primarily based on race under the Equal Protection Clause.
What is Citizens United v. FEC, which established that corporations and unions have the same First Amendment free speech rights as individuals
This 2010 decision protected political spending by corporations and unions as a form of free speech.
What is Baker v. Carr? How did it make redistricting a justiciable issue?
Baker v. Carr allowed federal courts to intervene when voting districts had unqualified populations.
What is Gideon v. Wainwright, which protected the right to counsel?
This 1963 ruling guaranteed legal counsel to defendants in state felony cases, enhancing due process.
United States v. Lopez limited Congressional power over schools via the Commerce Clause. When was it ruled, and what was ruled as a result?
This 1995 decision ruled Congress had overstepped by banning guns in school zones under the Commerce Clause.