The Main Schools in the History of Linguistics
Who is considered the founder of Ancient Indian linguistics?
Pāṇini is considered the founder of Ancient Indian linguistics.
How many rules are included in Pāṇini’s Ashtadhyayi?
Nearly 4,000 grammatical rules.
Which scholars first confirmed the genetic relationship of Indo-European languages?
Franz Bopp (1791–1867) and Rasmus Rask (1787–1832).
Who is considered the founder of structural linguistics?
Ferdinand de Saussure (1857–1913)
In which years did Aristotle live?
Aristotle lived from 384 to 322 BC.
How did Aristotle contribute to linguistics?
He analyzed the logical structure of language and parts of speech.
Who created the family tree model (Stammbaumtheorie)?
August Schleicher, who lived from 1821 to 1868.
What were Saussure’s key contributions to linguistics?
The distinction between “langue” and “parole,” and between synchronic and diachronic analysis.
Which Roman grammarians influenced European education?
Donatus (ca. 350–420 AD) and Priscian (ca. 500 AD) created grammars that shaped European education.
Who was the author of Al-Kitab?
Sibawayh
How many speakers does the Indo-European family have today?
More than 2.5 billion speakers.
Which two Uzbek linguists made major contributions to lexicology, phraseology, and grammar in the 20th century?
Shavkat Rahmatullaev (1932–2013) and Abduvahid Hojiyev (1937–2009).
In which centuries did Arabic linguistics flourish?
Arabic linguistics flourished in the 9th–10th centuries.
What was Port-Royal's goal?
The goal of identifying universal rules of language.
How many speakers are there in the Turkic language family?
Over 200 million speakers;
Who wrote Syntactic Structures?
Noam Chomsky, in 1957
Who introduced generative grammar?
Noam Chomsky
Who was Wilhelm von Humboldt?
German linguist and philosopher.
Which languages belong to the Finno-Ugric branch of the Uralic family?
Hungarian, Finnish, and Estonian.
What was the main book of Leonard Bloomfield?
Language, published in 1933.