scene size up
List the 5 main components of the scene size up
standard precautions, scene safety, moi, noi, number of patients, resource determination/call for resources, need for c spine
explain when you would use an ABC approach to the patient and when you would use a CAB approach to the patient
ABC is used when assessing the overwhelming majority of patients. It is used for every patient except when the patient appears lifeless (not moving or breathing) when CAB is used
A patient has a pain which originates in an abdominal organ but is felt in the shoulder. This is called
Referred pain
List the steps for bleeding control in order
Direct pressure - tourniquet- hemostatic agent
What structure divides the airway into upper and lower
The larynx
Define mechanism of injury
The physical force that caused the injury
List the 6 main steps of the primary assessment
General impression
mental status
airway
breathing
circulation
priority determination/ transport decision
What does OPQRST mean
Onset
provocation
quality
radiation
severity
time
Describe the appearance of arterial, venous, and capillary bleeding
Arterial - spurting, brighter Red blood
venous - flowing, dark red blood
capillary - oozing, dark red blood
The cartilaginous flap of tissue that protects the opening to the trachea is called the
Epiglottis
List two ways bullets can cause injury
Cavitation - damage from the expanding pressure wave caused by the bullet
projectile - damage to tissue or organs physically struck by the bullet
What is the overall purpose of the primary assessment
To identify and correct life threats
List three things you are looking for when taking a pulse
Rate Strength regularity
why Do the pulse and respirations increase in shock?
The pulse increases in an attempt to increase cardiac output . Respirations increase to maximize the oxygen inaction to tissues. Both are a resulting action of the sympathetic nervous system
What type of muscle constricts in the lower airways in conditions such as asthma and anaphylaxis
Smooth muscle surrounds these airways and is responsible for constriction
What are three collisions that occur in a motor vehicle crash?
Three collisions occur in a motor vehicle crash: 1 the vehicle strikes an object 2. The person inside the vehicle strikes the interior of the vehicle 3. The persons organs strike the interior of the body
List 4 elements of the ‘A’ or airway portion of the primary assessment
Opening the airway and assuring it remains open
examining the airway for foreign material
suctioning
oral or nasal airway insertion
What is capnography
Capnography is the measurement of carbon dioxide concentrations in exhaled breath
What is the rule of palm for burns
The surface area of the patients Palm is equivalent to 1% body surface area
How does care differ for a patient who is snoring versus a patient who has a gurgling noise in the airway
Snoring indicates a physical obstruction - may be cleared by head tilt chin lift
gurgling indicates foreign material or secretions requiring suctioning
How can the scene size up help the EMT determine a patient may have neck or spine injuries
Mechanism of injury - evidence of a -attention striking their head on the windshield in A motor vehicle collision, a fall from a significant height , or evidence that the patient struck their head or landed on their head during a fall
what observations should you make when assessing the skin
Color, temperature, and condition (wet, dry)
When will an EMT hear korotkoff sounds
Korotkoff sounds are the sounds heard while auscultating a blood pressure
What do you check before and after splinting
Distal circulation, sensation and motor circulation
What is hypercapnea
Elevated levels of carbon dioxide