Sugar, Sugar
The Butterfly Effect
Fight, Flight or Flop
Bone to Pick
Striped Surprises
100

Recommended A1c in pregnant women with pre-existing Diabetes.

Women should aim for a glycated hemoglobin (A1C) of ≤7.0% (ideally ≤6.5% if possible) when planning pregnancy, or ≤6.5% (ideally ≤6.1% if possible) during pregnancy. (Diabetes Canada)

100

This transmembrane glycoprotein mediates uptake of iodide into follicular cells of the thyroid.

The sodium/iodide symporrter (NIS).

100

Stimulation of this receptor causes hyperpigmentation in Addison’s Disease.

Melanocortin-1 receptor on melanocytes.

100

The half-life of intact PTH.

3-5 minutes.

100

In MEN2B, patients often develop these mucosal lesions.

Mucosal neuromas.

200

List 3 genes associated with Mature Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY).

HNF1A-MODY, GCK-MODY, HNF4A-MODY, and RCAD.

200

 The deiodinase responsible for converting T4 to reverse T3.

Type 3 deiodonase (D3).

200

Glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids are produced in this area of the adrenal cortex, respectively.

Glucocorticoids are produced in the Zona Fasciculata of the adrenal cortex while mineralocorticoids are produced in the Zona glomerulosa.

200

List 2 Radiograph characteristics of Atypical Femur Fractures (AFF).


Lateral cortical thickening, Transverse fracture lines, Beaking

200

This hypothalamic neuropeptide is suppressed in hyperprolactinemia, leading to hypogonadism.

Kisspeptin.

300

5 contraindications for SGLT2i use.

Dialysis (ESRD = eGFR < 30), hypersensitivity reaction, history of DKA, active Type 1 Diabetes, previous amputation (for canagliflozin).

300

This rare thyroid cancer subtype shows amyloid deposition on histopathology

Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma.

300

The “rule of 10s” for pheochromocytomas is outdated; this is the approximate true percentage of hereditary cases.

30-40%.

300

PTH lowers serum phosphate by this renal mechanism.

Inhibition of phosphate reabsorption in the proximal tubule (phosphaturia).

300

Long-term cabergoline therapy is associated with this rare cardiac complication.

Valvular heart disease (fibrosis).

400

Celiac Disease, often asympatomatic, occurs in this percentage of Type 1 Diabetic Patients.

5%.

400

Patients with hypothyroidism are more sensitive to this drug, often requiring dose reduction.

Warfarin (or sedatives/opiates acceptable).

400

3 enzyme related causes of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (other than 21-hydroxylase deficiency).

17-hydroxylase (17-OH), 11-hydroxylase (11β-OH), 3-beta-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD), and Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory protein (StAR).

400

This genetic syndrome presents with hypocalcemia, congenital heart disease, and facial anomalies.

DiGeorge syndrome (22q11 deletion)

400

A man with gynecomastia, high estradiol, and a testicular mass most likely has this tumor.

Leydig cell tumor.

500

List 3 of 4 individuals credited with isolating the insulin peptide in 1921.

Frederick Banting, Charles Best, J.B. Collip, and J.J.R. Macleod.

500

5 congenital defects associated with Thionamides (PTU and MMI).

Aplasia cutis (a skin defect on the scalp), choanal atresia (blocked nasal passages), esophageal atresia (a malformed esophagus), omphalocele (defect of the abdominal wall), unilateral kidney agenesis, face and neck abnormalities.

500

The zona glomerulosa lacks this enzyme, which prevents cortisol synthesis and allows aldosterone production.

17α-hydroxylase.

500

This hereditary syndrome, caused by mutations in the CDC73 (HRPT2) gene, predisposes to parathyroid carcinoma and ossifying fibromas of the mandible and maxilla.

Hyperparathyroidism–jaw tumor syndrome (HPT-JT)

500

A goiter is present in this percentage in children born with Pendred Syndrome.

75%.

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