Challenges & Trust-Building
Community members who review complaints against officers to ensure accountability.
What are civilian review boards/oversight committees?
This constitutional amendment protects people against unreasonable searches and seizures, stating that warrants should only be issued upon probable cause.
What is the Fourth Amendment?
These are the three main levels of law enforcement in the U.S.
What are Federal, State, and Local?
In colonial America during the 1600s and 1700s, these were two of the four primary policing entities.
What are constables, watches, slave patrols, or sheriffs?
These devices are worn by officers to document encounters, increasing transparency and deterring misconduct.
What are body-worn cameras?
This type of bias is the attitudes, beliefs, and stereotypes that people consciously hold and are aware of. It is deliberate and can be openly expressed through words, actions, or decisions.
What is explicit bias?
This warrant exception applies when evidence is openly visible to an officer, such as seeing drugs on the dashboard during a traffic stop.
What is Plain View?
This federal agency investigates major crimes, national security threats, terrorism, and cybercrime.
What is the FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation)?
This city established its own police force in 1838, becoming one of the first, with the main duty to prevent crime and keep order.
What is Boston?
One benefit of social media use by police is that it allows them to share their side of a story directly, thereby enhancing this quality in interactions with the public.
What is transparency?
What type of training teaches officers techniques to calm tense situations without resorting to force.
What is de-escalation training?
This warrant exception allows police to conduct a search in emergency situations where delay would be dangerous or lead to the destruction of evidence, like an officer hearing screams inside a house.
What are Exigent Circumstances?
This state-level agency enforces state laws, patrols highways, investigates serious accidents, and provides support to local agencies.
What is State Police or Highway Patrol?
The race riots of the 1960s saw Black Americans challenging how police were treating their communities, with police using harsh tactics like tear gas and high-pressure water hoses to keep order. In response to findings that patrolling police cars increased community dissatisfaction, some departments attempted a return to this policing model.
What is community policing?
A significant challenge of social media for policing is that a single post can be misread and cause a public backlash, impacting this aspect of police work.
What are public relations?
This type of training helps officers recognize unconscious biases that may affect decision-making during stops, searches, or interactions, often involving role-playing.
What is implicit bias training?
These are two of the rights established by Miranda v. Arizona (1966), which must be read to a suspect before custodial interrogation.
What are the right to remain silent and the right to an attorney? (Other acceptable answers include: anything you say can be used against you in a court of law, or if you cannot afford an attorney, one will be appointed for you.)
A domestic dispute in a small town would typically fall under the jurisdiction of this type of local law enforcement agency.
What is a City Police Department or a County Sheriff's Office?
The 9-11 terrorist attacks in 2001 led to the creation of these specialized units in policing, which work directly with state and federal agencies.
What are Counter-terrorism units?
This ethical dilemma in modern policing raises concerns about "over-policing" if data shows more crime in certain neighborhoods, and worries that the algorithms used might reinforce historical patterns of racial inequality.
What is predictive policing?
According to Peel's Core Ideas, the ultimate goal of policing should be this, rather than focusing on the number of arrests, and it relies heavily on earning public support and respecting community principles.
What is preventing crime (or the lack of crime)?
According to the "Continuum of Control," officers are trained to use only the necessary and reasonable amount of force. This ranges from basic presence to this most extreme level.
What is lethal/deadly force (e.g., firearm)?
A large-scale methamphetamine manufacturing operation, especially one involving interstate drug trafficking, would likely involve this specific federal agency, possibly in conjunction with state and local law enforcement.
What is the DEA (Drug Enforcement Administration)?
The court case that established the right that must be read to a suspect before custodial interrogation.
What is Miranda v. Arizona (1966)?
The militarization of police, particularly regarding changes in armament, was significantly influenced by this event.
What is the North Hollywood Bank of America failed bank heist in 1997?