geografy
1. Where is Georgia located, and why is this location important?
Answer: Georgia is in the South Caucasus, between Europe and Asia, bordered by Russia, Turkey, Armenia, and Azerbaijan, with the Black Sea to the west. Its location made it a bridge between civilizations, a center of trade (Silk Road), and a target for empires
Who were Zezva and Mzia, and why are they important?
Answer: They are names given to 1.8-million-year-old human fossils found in Dmanisi, Georgia. They show that early humans lived outside Africa very early
Which region of Georgia is famous for wine production, and which for medieval towers?
Answer: Kakheti is famous for wine, and Svaneti for its medieval towers
When did Georgia adopt Christianity, and why was it significant?
Answer: In the early 4th century. Christianity united the people, became central to Georgian identity, and helped them preserve unity during foreign domination
What was the Silk Road, and how did it affect Georgia?
Answer: The Silk Road was a major trade route linking East and West. Georgia’s location on it brought wealth, cultural exchange, and danger from empires that wanted to control it
What were the survival strategies of primitive humans?
Answer: Hunting, gathering, using stone tools, making fire for warmth and protection, and living in caves or huts
What is a “supra,” and who is the “tamada”?
Answer: A supra is a traditional Georgian feast with wine, food, and toasts. The tamada is the toastmaster who leads the toasts
What role did the Caucasus Mountains play in Georgia’s history?
Answer: They protected Georgia from some invaders but also made travel difficult. They also helped preserve traditions in isolated mountain regions like Svaneti and Tusheti
What was the role of cooperation in primitive society?
Answer: Hunting, gathering, using stone tools, making fire for warmth and protection, and living in caves or huts
Who was King Pharnavaz, and why is he important in Georgian history?
Answer: He was the first king of Kartli (Iberia) in the 3rd century BCE. He united tribes, established a kingdom, carried out administrative reforms, and promoted Georgian culture
Why is Georgia still strategically important today?
Answer: Because it lies on modern trade and energy routes connecting the Caspian region with Europe, and its Black Sea coast makes it valuable for transport
. Name the three main stages of primitive society and their characteristics.
Answer:
Paleolithic (Old Stone Age): nomadic, stone tools, hunting-gathering.
Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age): improved tools, fishing, first domestic animals.
Neolithic (New Stone Age): agriculture, permanent settlements, pottery, domesticated animals