Proteins
Polypeptide chain
How are proteins bonded?
one strand runs 5'-3' and the other runs 3'-5'
What is the standard orientation of DNA
monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides
what are the monomer and polymers of carboydrates?
starch is found in plants, Glycogen is found in animals
What are storage polysaccharides
They have lots of Hydrocarbons
why are lipids hydrophobic?
N terminus and C terminus
What is the standard orientation?
Phosphate group, nitrogenous base, 5- carbon pentose sugar
what are the three parts of the nucleotide monomer
Cellulose (plant cell walls-structure), starch (in plants cells- energy storage)
cellulose is found in plants, chitin is found in animals and fungi, peptidoglycan is found in bacteria
What are structural polysaccharides?
saturated have all single bonds, unsaturated have one or more double bonds
what is the difference between unsaturated and saturated?
Proteins can be amphipathic
what are hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions
Pyrimadine, single six membered ring
what is cytosine, uracil, and thymine?
No standart orientation
what is the standard orientation of Carbohydrates
Both weak bonds that have high potential energy
considering electronegativity, C and H bonds are
Unsaturated fats are liquid at RT but saturated fats are solid at RT
Why does structure affect function
Proteins that act as infections, disease causing agents
what is a prion
Phosphodiester linkage
what is the bond that creates the sugar phosphate backbone
Dehydration synthesis, release of water, forms into a polysaccharide
How is the glycosidic linkage formed in carbohydrates?
Fats- contain fatty acid
steroids- no fatty acid
phospholipids- contain fatty acid
waxes- contain fatty acid
What are the 4 types of lipids
4 carbon rings
what are steroids
Hydrogen side chains, hydrophobic interactions, disulfide bonds, ionic bonds
what is the tertiary structure of a protein?
scientists figured out that the pyrine- pyrimidine fit just right
What is the watson and Crick model?
Part of a glycoprotein, identification badge for cells (cell to cell recognition and signaling)
Where do we see Oligosaccharides?
glycerol + 3 fatty acids, using ester linkage
what are fats composed of?
Glycerol at core phosphate group, 2 fatty acid tails, joined by ester linkage
what is a phospholipid