Definition
What is the traditional classification of words into groups like nouns, verbs, and adjectives?
Parts of speech
“Table, student, freedom” belong to which part of speech?
Nouns
Who first distinguished nouns and verbs in Ancient Greece?
Aristotle
The word “before” may function as a preposition and as a ___
Conjuction
What is the smallest part of speech in English?
Interjections
What branch of linguistics studies the structure of language, including parts of speech?
Grammar
“Happily, wisely, never” belong to which category?
Adverbs
Who identified eight parts of speech in Latin grammar?
Dionysius Thrax
The word “after” illustrates which theoretical problem of parts of speech?
Polyfunctionality
Which part of speech serves as a substitute for nouns?
Pronouns
What are the three main criteria used to classify words into parts of speech: morphological, syntactic, and ___
Semantic
“And, or, but” function as what?
Conjuctions
Which 20th-century American linguist introduced distributional analysis?
Leonard Bloomfield
“Well” can serve as an adjective and as a ___?
Adverb
Traditionally, how many main parts of speech are recognized in English?
8
Which linguistic unit is considered the smallest meaningful element of speech?
Morpheme
Identify the part of speech of the word “fast” in:
(a) a fast car; (b) run fast.
Adjective (a), Adverb (b)
Which British linguist developed Systemic Functional Grammar, focusing on function in communication?
M.A.K. Halliday
Which part of speech is difficult to define because it has no inflections and depends on position in a sentence?
Particles
What is the term for words that change category without changing form (e.g., to work → a work)?
Conversion (zero-derivation)
What do we call the study of meaning in relation to parts of speech?
Semantics
Analyze the word “like” in both:
(a) I like this book; (b) He runs like the wind.
Verb (a), Preposition (b)
Who argued that traditional “parts of speech” should be replaced by functional-semantic fields?
V.V. Vinogradov
Why are words like “round, down, off” considered problematic for traditional classification?
Because they can function as multiple parts of speech (conversion/functional shift)
Which part of speech category is sometimes called the “open class” in modern linguistics?
Nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs (content words)