Plate Tectonics/soil
Earth’s magnetic field results from movements in the _______
mantle.
crust.
inner core.
outer core
outer core;
The outer core is composed of liquid iron and nickel, and its convective movements generate electric currents that produce the magnetic field.
True or false the graph of the temperature regarding the different layers of the atmosphere is linear with a positive slope
false
What has a higher albedo: a white shirt or black shirt?
A white shirt has a higher albedo than a black shirt because white surfaces reflect more light and absorb less, while black surfaces absorb more light and reflect less.
True or false the air rises high into the atmosphere in hadley cells, polar cells, and feral cells?
True: Warm, moist air that is less dense than the surrounding air rises
Define abiotic & give an example
refers to the non-living, physical, and chemical components of an ecosystem that influence living organisms: sun
Define Pangea
A Supercontinent, Alfred Wegner came up with theory, helped prove plate tectonics
Where are the auroras found?
Thermosphere
True or false: surfaces with a higher albedo reflect more light, and absorb less
true
What is the source of energy driving the circulation patterns near the earth?
SOLAR RADIATION: The light warms Earth’s surface, creating rising air currents, as seen in the diagram.
Answers may vary
What is a convergent boundary responsible for forming?
A convergent boundary is a type of plate boundary where two tectonic plates move towards each other and collide. Could cause volcanoes, island arcs, and mountains
Why is the ozone layer important?
it acts as Earth's natural sunscreen, absorbing most of the sun's harmful ultraviolet (UVB) radiation, particularly the portion that can cause skin cancer, cataracts, and damage plants and marine life
Where are Earth's rays more concentrated? Near the equator or at the poles?
Equator
Define the Coriolis Effect and what is it caused by?
Deflection of objects traveling through atm. due to the spin of earth
Why is it important to understand a watershed and its boundaries when designing housing developments along a river?
In a watershed, the boundary follows the highest ridge line, and water flows downstream. Water from rainfall and stormwater runoff can be contaminated with mining, agriculture, and urban wastes, and it is important to know watershed boundaries to understand water flow.
Using your hands describe the 3 plate boundaries: convergent, divergent, and transform plate boundaries
1. Divergent Boundaries
2. Convergent Boundaries
Results: Mountain ranges (like the Himalayas) and deep sea trenches (like the Mariana Trench) can form. This also leads to volcanic activity and a variety of earthquakes.
3. Transform Boundaries
Where is the ozone layer found?
Earth's stratosphere
How do the great lakes influence the fact that the top of New York receives more snow than Ohio or Pennsylvania?
Warm, moist air carried east from Lake Erie and Ontario deposits snow in the snowbelt
Define a gyre and how do they move in the northern hemisphere?
large ocean circulation patterns due to global wind; clockwise in northern hemisphere
Name the following soil horizons in order: organic layer, Bedrock, subsoil, eluviation layer(where leached minerals and organic matter is found), topsoil, parent rock
Top: Organic layer, topsoil, eluviation layer, subsoil, parent rock, bedrock
Describe convection and where does it occur and why is it important for ES?
Convection currents are heat-driven circulation of molten rock in Earth's mantle that move the tectonic plates on the surface, causing phenomena like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and the formation of mountains
name the 5 layers of Earth's Atmosphere in order from earth to outer space
Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, and Exosphere
Describe and define a rain shadow
A rain shadow is an area of dry land caused when atmospheric moisture is intercepted before it reaches that land. A rain shadow is thus an area of low precipitation, and the resulting ecosystem from this climate will have desert-like conditions.
Why does El nino occur and what are the impacts it has on the environments?
Trade winds weaken, then reverse(W->E) suppressed fisheries, warmer winter in much of N america, increased precip. and flooding in Americas, drought in SE Asia, etc.
Hoover Dam is the largest dam in the United States, built on the Colorado River to supply hydroelectric power and flood control. Which of the following best describes a downstream environmental effect of the Hoover Dam on the Colorado River watershed?
One of the major drawbacks of damming a river, like the Colorado River, is that the watershed downstream is altered by decreased stream flow and decreased sediment accumulation. When river water no longer reaches the delta (as is often the case with the Colorado River), the lower parts of the river basin can experience an increase in salinity and other chemicals.