Airway
what is the preferred airway adjunct for an unconscious patient with no gag reflex?
OPA (oropharyngeal Airway)
Atropine 0.5mg max of 3mg
What's the first step in bleeding control?
Direct Pressure
What's the adult dose of EPI in an adult cardiac arrest?
1mg EPI 1:10,000 every 3-5min
what is the compression to ventilation ratio for two rescuer CPR?
30:2
At what oxygen saturation level does hypoxia typically become clinically significant?
<90% spO2
What heart rhythm is most commonly associated with sudden cardiac arrest?
Ventricular fibrillation (Vfib)
Which type of shock is caused by severe blood loss?
Hypovolemic shock
What medication is used to reverse opioids in an overdose?
Naloxone (Narcan)
In a hypoglycemic patient unable to swallow, what are two prehospital treatments?
D10 IV/IO glucagon IM
Name 2 contraindication for using CPAP in the field.
Altered mental status, vomiting, severe hypotension, or inability to protect airway
Define STEMI criteria on a 12 lead.
>/= 1mm ST elevation in 2 contiguous leads
In a suspected spinal injury, what's the preferred method of moving a patient onto a stretcher?
Log roll with spinal precautions
Firs pass metabolism avoided; IN absorption is less effective; It loses 50% of its potency.
For suspected stroke, within how many hours from last know well should transport to a stroke center prioritized?
What's the correct initial ventilation rate for an adult in respiratory arrest with a pulse?
1 breath ever 5-6 seconds (10-12/min)
What is the initial Synchronized cardioversion dose for unstabnle SVT in adults?
75-80J synchronized.
Define Beck's Triad
Hypotension, JVD, Muffled heart sounds (cardiac tamponade)
What medication is used in the treatment of refectory vfib, or pulseless vtach after Epi and defibrillation, and what is the initial dose.
300mg amiodarone IV/IO
What is calcium chloride given for, that requires a consult only.
Magnesium toxicity during maintenance of Mag drip in preterm labor.
Describe how you would confirm proper ET tube placement in the field.
Explain why oxygen is not automatically given to all chest pain patients anymore.
High O2 can increase myocardial injury risk: <94%
Explain why permissive Hypotension is sometimes used in trauma care.
To avoid dislodging clots before surgical control.
Explain the mechanism of action of amiodarone.
Class III antiarrhythmic; Prolongs repolarization by blocking potassium channels.
What are the reversible causes that must always be considered during resuscitation?
hypoxia, hypovolemia, hydrogen ion (acidosis), hypo/hyperkalemia, tension pneumo, tamponade, toxins, thrombosis.