Neolithic Revolution
This is how people lived before the Neolithic Revolution
nomadic hunter-gatherers
Ancient civilization known for
-Polytheistic religion – Ziggurat (temple) center of each city-state
-Scientific achievements – wheel, sail, plow, bronze, cuneiform
Sumer-Mesopotamia
Reform in society including social order of family and government
Confucianism
What led to the development of Greek city-states?
the mountainous terrain
Reciprocal military obligations between members of the warrior nobility in Medieval Europe
Feudalism
What caused the Neolithic Revolution?
Climate change – rising temperatures led to longer growing seasons and drier land.
Uniform code of laws for Babylon. First written laws in history.
Code of Hammurabi
Idea that heaven gives emperors power on the condition of just and effective governance
Mandate of heaven
Classical civilization responsible for individual political participation, democracy, Olympics, and ideas of Socrates, Plato and Aristotle
• Olympics
• Philosophers – Socrates, Plato, Aristotle
• Influence of architecture (U.S. state buildings)
• Democratic ideals
• Math/science
Greece
Self-sufficient where serfs raised and produced nearly everything needed for that community. The open field system allowed several families of serfs to farm strips of the same parcel of land.
Manors
What was the impact of agricultural surpluses during the Neolithic Revolution?
As a result of agricultural surpluses, workers were able to specialize in other jobs.
Early civilization know for
-pharaohs who were considered god-kings; theocracy established as a form of government
Writing system – hieroglyphics; writing done on papyrus
-Scientific achievements – written numbers, geometry, stone columns, calendar for flooding cycle, advanced medicine
Ancient Egypt
Dynasty responsible for India’s Golden Age through literature, astronomy, medicine, and mathematics (zero)
Gupta Dynasty
Leader who brought about end of independent Greek city-states and blended Greek cultures with eastern cultures to establish the Hellenistic Age
Alexander the Great
Failure lessened the power of the Pope. Casualties weakened the feudal nobility and trade in spices and other goods from Southwest Asia
The Crusades
How did the role of women change as a result of the Neolithic Revolution?
division of labor into men's roles and women's roles.
Early civilization known for
Caste system
Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa that were developed on grid systems and had sophisticated plumbing and sewage systems
Indus River Valley
Chinese Dynasty responsible for centralized system of highway and irrigation networks and the Great Wall of China built
Qin Dynasty
Athens (male citizens – one person, one vote)
Direct democracy
Caused the collapse of manorial system as productivity ends and serfs leave in search of work; peasant rebellions grow in response to nobles’ refusal to increase wages. Church loses prestige as it is unable to stop the plague through prayer and intervention.
The Black Death
What are 2 negative effects and 2 positive effects of the Neolithic Revolution?
Negative:close proximity of people leads to spread of disease; villages and cities susceptible to attacks; settlements could be destroyed by natural disasters
Positive:settlement leads to development of culture including art, religion, and specialization of labor; irrigation systems developed as crop production and land use increase
Military leaders who commanded soldiers displaced priests as rulers; power passed on to their sons, who in turn passed it onto their sons
Monarchy
Dynasty responsible for complex bureaucracy; civil service jobs; promotion of Confucianism; invention of paper, water mills for grinding grain
Han Dynasty
Inspired the concept of a trial by a jury of your peers and innocence until proven guilty
Greece
Caused instability in England and strengthened Parliament since it is called frequently by King Edward III to increase taxes to finance this new war; democracy advanced as Parliament gains greater “power of the purse
The Hundred Years War