Feudal System
This highly decentralized form of government stressed alliances of mutual protection between monarchs and nobles
Feudalism
Head of a monastery.
Abbot
Charles Martel granted warriors fiefs to support this branch of the military.
The cavalry
The Crusades were launched to keep this land out of Muslim control.
What is the Holy Land
A group of citizens who submitted names of suspects.
Grand Jury
A person bound to the manor who could not leave without permission.
Serf
Wandering preacher in the medieval church.
Friar
Charlemagne’s dynasty was called this.
Carolingian Empire
The First Crusade was led primarily by this group.
French nobles
A group of citizens who determined guilt or innocence.
Petit Jury
A parcel of land granted to a vassal in return for loyalty and service.
Fief
Expulsion from the church.
Excommunication
The first Germanic ruler to accept Catholicism.
Clovis
The Muslim leader who recaptured Jerusalem in 1187.
Saladin
The code of conduct followed by knights
Chivalry
The system of agricultural production that provided lords and peasants with food, shelter, and protection.
Manorialism
Denial of basic church teachings
Heresy
Charlemagne defended this pope against Roman nobles.
Pope Leo III
The Crusades contributed to the growth of these Italian trading cities.
Venice and Genoa
Rules established by judges’ decisions, forming the basis of English law.
Common Law
This ceremony symbolized loyalty and service to a lord in exchange for land.
Homage
A Christian ritual such as baptism or communion.
Sacrament
The treaty that divided Carolingian lands after Charlemagne’s death.
Treaty of Verdun
The Crusades weakened feudal lords but increased the power of this institution.
What is the monarchy (or centralized kingship)
The controversy over kings and nobles appointing church officials was called this.
Lay Investiture