Organic and Inorganic Compounds
What do organic compounds have that inorganic compounds don't?
Carbon
What are carbohydrates made of?
Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
What are lipids made up of?
Three fatty acid molecules and 1 glycerol
What is the most common organic compound?
Proteins
What is the shape of DNA also referred to as?
Double Helix
What type of compound is water?
Inorganic Compound
What is the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen in a carbohydrate?
2:1
What are 3 common examples of lipids?
Examples include:
Saturated fats, unsaturated fats, phospholipids, steroids, waxes, and pigments
What two elements are proteins made out of that is not apart of any other macromolecule?
Nitrogen and (sometimes) Sulfur
What type of bond are phosphate and sugar molecules on the DNA ladder held together by?
Ester bonds
What are organic compounds found in?
Carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, and nucleic acids
What are the 3 major types of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Polysaccharides
What is the difference between the chains of saturated and unsatured fats?
Saturated fats have straight chains, while unsaturated fats have a curve in theirs
How many types of proteins are there and what are their building blocks?
Thousands, created by amino acids.
What nitrogen base does DNA have that RNA doesn't, and what nitrogen base does RNA have that DNA doesn't have?
DNA = Thymine
RNA = Uracil
What are inorganic compounds found in?
Salts, strong acids and bases, metal compounds
What is the general formula of disaccharides?
C12 H22 O11
What are trans fats and why is it recommended that you avoid its intake?
What are essential and nonessential amino acids?
Essential amino acids are ones that you must include in your diet, such as milk.
Nonessential amino acids are ones that your body can create itself, such as serine (required for metabolism of fats, muscle growth, and immunity)
What is the difference in RNA and DNA structure?
RNA is shorter than DNA; DNA is a double helix shape, while RNA only has one strand.
What is biosynthesis?
The process by which an organism creates macromolecules, such as Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids
What are the two main purposes of polysaccharides?
Energy-storage (starch, glycogen) and structural based (cellulose, chitin)
In a phospholipid, what part of the molecule is hydrophilic and what part is hydrophobic?
The head of the phospholipid is hydrophilic, and the tail is hydrophobic. The tails face inward to avoid water.
What are 3 examples of proteins and their functions?
Examples include enzymes, antibodies, hemoglobin, hormones.
Enzymes increase the rate of chemical reaction by reducing the activation energy required to begin a reaction.
Antibodies fight harmful pathogens
Hemoglobin carries oxygen throughout the blood stream
Hormones regulate body functions
What is Adenosine triphosphate, otherwise known as ATP?
ATP is the energy source for cells