Airway & Breathing
What is the normal adult respiratory rate?
12–20 breaths per minute
What is the correct splinting treatment for a femur fracture with no distal pulse?
What is attempt gentle realignment, then apply a traction splint?
What is the first medication EMTs usually administer to a patient with chest pain suspected of cardiac origin?
Aspirin
A building contractor, under tremendous pressure to meet a job deadline, experiences diffuse pain in his chest. The pain lasts for several minutes, then disappears with rest.
The EMS provider should suspect:
a) angina pectoris
b) muscular cramps
c) pulmonary edema
d) congestive heart failure
a) angina pectoris
The four nationally recognized levels of EMS providers.
What are EMR, EMT, AEMT, and Paramedic?
What device delivers the highest concentration of oxygen?
Bag-valve-mask with oxygen reservoir
this type of shock occurs after severe blood loss
hypovolemic shock
What does the FAST acronym stand for in stroke assessment?
Face, Arm, Speech, Time
Which of the following are the signs of a severe allergic reaction?
a) Pain in the chest, rapid strong pulse, pallor, sweating
b) Decreased blood pressure, rapid strong pulse, heavy breathing
c) Decreased blood pressure, itching, swelling, difficulty breathing
d) Rapid strong pulse, increased blood pressure, pallor, sweating
c) Decreased blood pressure, itching, swelling, difficulty breathing
This U.S. department oversees EMS at the national level.
The Department of Transportation (DOT)
A patient is breathing at 8 breaths/min with shallow respirations. What immediate intervention is needed?
Ventilate with a BVM and supplemental oxygen
What does DCAP-BTLS stand for?
Deformities, Contusions, Abrasions, Punctures/Penetrations, Burns, Tenderness, Lacerations, Swelling
Which symptom indicates low blood sugar: sweating or fruity breath?
Sweating
A 28-year-old patient presents supine on the floor, unconscious, unresponsive, and with snoring respirations at a rate of 6 per minute. Bystanders report that the patient is diabetic, taken no medications, and may have ingested heroin half an hour prior to the EMS Provider’s arrival. After opening the patient’s airway, the EMS Provider should:
a) administer oxygen via non-rebreather mask at 15 lpm and administer syrup of ipecac
b) administer oral glucose and administer oxygen via NRB mask at 15 lpm
c) only administer oxygen via NRB mask at 15 lpm
d) insert an airway adjunct and ventilate with 100% oxygen using a BVM
d) insert an airway adjunct and ventilate with 100% oxygen using a BVM
What does evoc stand for
Emergency Vehicle Operator Course
What is the term for abnormal, high-pitched sounds heard on inspiration?
Stridor
When a patient has a suspected spinal injury, this maneuver is used to open the airway without moving the neck.
jaw-thrust maneuver
A patient with asthma is wheezing and has a respiratory rate of 28. Oxygen saturation is 90%. What is your next step?
provide supplemental oxygen and assist with a nebulizer
In a child, all of the following are signs of respiratory failure EXCEPT:
a) limp muscle tone
b) cyanosis
c) slow heart rate
d) crying
d) crying
You’re the first EMS on a multi-car accident scene with limited resources. One patient is walking but bleeding, another is unconscious and not breathing, and a third has a broken leg. Who gets attention first?
the unconscious, non-breathing patient—airway/breathing takes priority
This type of breathing is seen in severe brain injury and has cycles of hyperventilation followed by apnea.
Cheyne-Stokes respirations
Bright red blood that is spurting is what type of blood:
Dark red blood that is pouring is what type of blood:
Arterial or Venous
Bright red blood that is spurting is what type of blood: Arterial
Dark red blood that is pouring is what type of blood: Venous