Structure & Function of Exercising Muscle
Name the 3 types of muscles and an example of each.
Smooth, Cardiac, and Skeletal
What are the 3 primary energy systems, and are they anaerobic or aerobic?
ATP-PCr system- Anaerobic
Glycolytic system- Anaerobic
Oxidative system- Aerobic
What are the 5 factors that contribute to a nerve impulse?
Resting membrane, depolarization, propagation, graded potentials, action potentials
What kind of muscle fibers are best for which exercise activity?
Prolong distance → Type 1
Short-term explosive → type 2
During the first few seconds of intense muscle activity, which energy system primarily supplies ATP?
ATP-PCr system
What are the two special sensory receptors that help control muscle function, and what are their functions that are related to exercise?
Muscle Spindles
Function: Contract in response to the lengthening
Golgi tendon organs
Function: Relax in response to muscle tension
If the sarcomere length exceeds its optimal range during muscle contraction, what is the immediate mechanical consequence?
Decreased force due to fewer actin-myosin overlaps
How are the three systems used in exercise?
ATP-PCr system - gives energy up to 10 seconds
Glycolytic system - This system is used when the energy from the ATP-PCr is depleted, and it lasts from 15 seconds to 3 minutes.
Oxidative system - This system is utilized when both ATP-PCr and Glycolytic energy are depleted, and it lasts from a few minutes to several hours.
Label the parts of the neuron
A. Dendrite
B. Soma
C. Axon
D. Myelin Shealth
E. Node of Ranvier
F. Axon Terminal
How does the use of a certain muscle fiber, energy system, nerves, and the sensory receptors affect our physical activity?
All of these work together to both protect us and produce physical activity. Certain muscle fibers are best suited for specific types of activity, and the energy systems supply the energy needed for them to perform. The nerves receive and relay information to the muscles and motor units, allowing the activity to occur. Lastly, sensory receptors provide real-time feedback to the brain, enabling precise movements and helping prevent injury.