C1
Christopher Columbus used the ___________ and the Northeast Trade Winds to sail west from Spain to the Caribbean.
Canary Current
Using your vocabulary, what is mercantilism? (You wrote this in sentence format.)
An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought.
In this form of imperialism European nations competed fiercely for colonial possessions, leading to conflicts and wars.
Competition
Introduction of European diseases (like smallpox) decimated indigenous populations, while the introduction of European livestock (like horses) and crops (like wheat) significantly impacted the environment and indigenous ways of life effected the ____________.
Effect on the Americas
How did climate influence where Europeans settled?
They chose a place that had a familiar climate / good for growing crops / good for raising livestock (I will accept any 3).
Which current carried Ferdinand Magellan to the Philippines?
the North Equatorial Current
Wealth Accumulation: European nations sought to amass wealth, particularly ____ and ______, through colonial exploitation.
Gold and Silver
_________ a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.
Imperialism
New World crops (like potatoes, corn, and tomatoes) became staple foods, contributing to population growth in Europe, and the influx of precious metals from the Americas fueled European economies effected the __________.
Effects on Europeans
The trade winds are steady winds that blow from _____ to _____ in the tropics.
East to West
What explorer was able to expand the Spanish empire into Mexico and South America by using the Caribbean Current?
Hernan Cortez
Viewed colonies as sources of raw materials (like timber, minerals, and agricultural products) and as markets for manufactured goods from ___ _________ _______.
the mother country or Europe
Fueled the desire for ______ _______ to control resources and trade routes.
Territorial Expansion
The demand for labor in the Americas led to the transatlantic slave trade, forcibly transporting millions of Africans to the Americas to work on plantations was known as the _________ _____ _____.
Transatlantic Slave Trade
On the way back to Europe, explorers would use the _________, which blow from west to east, to help them return.
Westerlies
What current carried Christopher Columbus back towards Europe?
The Gulf Stream
The establishment of trade monopolies and the imposition of tariffs on foreign goods is ___________ form of mercantilism.
State Control
European nations established vast colonial empires, driven by mercantilist goals, leading to the subjugation and exploitation of_________ __________.
Indigenous peoples or Native Americans
The Columbian Exchange involved a complex exchange of _______ _____, ______ _______, and __________ between the Old and New Worlds.
Cultural ideas, religious beliefs, and technologies.
Why were the tropics considered harsh climates for European colonizers?
Diseases were more plentiful
Using the South Atlantic Gyre, this explorer sailed to the Cape of Good Hope.
Vasco da Gama
Describe trade imbalance under mercantilism.
Aimed to create a trade surplus for the home country, importing raw materials cheaply and exporting finished goods at a higher price.
Under imperialism colonies served as sources of _____ ______, providing resources and strategic locations for European nations.
What was the widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, diseases, and ideas between the Americas, West Africa, and the Old World in the 15th and 16th centuries, following Christopher Columbus's 1492 voyage called?
The Columbian Exchange
Why did European colonizers not want to settle in cold climates?
It was harder to grow things.