Study Design
The trial was conducted in this township in the Yangtze River delta.
What is He-He Township, Qidong?
The central component of the intervention beverage, which underwent processes such as boiling, enzyme treatment, freeze-drying, and careful reconstitution into a palatable juice blend, was derived from the immature, germinated form of a widely consumed cruciferous vegetable in the Brassicaceae family that is already popular on dinner plates worldwide but here was used in its sprouting stage for its unusually high content of glucoraphanin.
What are broccoli sprouts?
This many participants completed the study.
What is 267?
The researchers in the clinical trial observed this key finding.
Each daily 100 mL broccoli sprout beverage delivered these two dosages of key bioactive compounds.
What are 600 μmol of glucoraphanin and 40 μmol of sulforaphane?
The study lasted this long.
What is 12 weeks?
These 2 fruits were added to the drink to improve taste/compliance.
What is pineapple and lime juice?
These 2 cities measured PM10 levels show the nearly identical of air quality within the Yangtze River delta.
What is Shanghai and Qidong?
The authors noted that while the broccoli beverage was well tolerated overall, future studies should investigate whether the same benefits can be achieved with this type of adjustment.
What is lowering the dose?
This demographic comprised a large majority of participants in the study.
What is women?
A total of this many individuals were screened at local clinics.
What is 1,205?
After the broccoli sprout extracts were boiled and treated with enzymes, they were preserved and converted into powders at this commercial facility, known for large-scale freeze-drying.
What is Oregon Freeze Dry?
This time frame provided the highest amount of excreted sulforaphane metabolites following consumption of the broccoli sprout beverage.
What is the first 12 hours?
Despite positive results, the authors acknowledge that this pollutant, did not show enhanced detoxication after broccoli beverage consumption.
What is crotonaldehyde?
This laboratory measurement was used to normalize urinary biomarker levels and account for hydration differences.
What is creatinine?
SPMA is a metabolite of this known carcinogen
What is benzene?
The placebo beverage contained the same juice mixture as the broccoli beverage, but added 1% of this dark ingredient to provide color masking.
What is molasses?
The 3 biomarkers measured through urinary excretion.
What is SPMA (benzene), 3-HPMA (acrolein), and HMPMA (crotonaldehyde)?
In the placebo arm, some participants unexpectedly showed detectable sulforaphane metabolites later in the study. What local factor likely explained these excursions?
What is eating broccoli that was being harvested locally during the trial?
Among the study team, only one researcher reported a professional relationship with a major pharmaceutical company, while all other team members reported none. Name the company.
What is Pfizer?
Participants were monitored for compliance by observation and by measuring these in urine.
What are sulforaphane metabolites?
This plant from the Mustard family was added to provide the enzyme myrosinase in order to convert glucoraphinin to sulforaphane.
What is Daikon?
This genotype significantly influenced SPMA excretion, with positive carriers showing 59% higher excretion than null carriers, independent of beverage type.
What is GSTT1?
this signaling pathway, activated by sulforaphane, regulates expression of detoxication enzymes and was highlighted as a likely mechanism of protection.
What is the NRF2 signaling pathway?
The trial was conducted in Qidong, where lung cancer rates have tripled in men and doubled in women in the last 50 years. The authors linked these epidemiologic patterns to both smoking behavior and environmental exposures, respectfully.
DAILY DOUBLE
What is that men's increase correlates with rising tobacco use, while women's later increase likely reflects exposure to air pollution rather than smoking?