Renal Disorders
A medical term meaning decreased urine output, often seen in patients with CKD
What is oliguria?
A hormone that reabsorbs sodium from the renal tubules, and in turn retention of water, and excretes potassium
What is aldosterone?
Inhibitory transmitter that may be defective during a seizure
What is GABA?
The passage of blood through blood vessels of an organ or tissue to deliver oxygen and nutrients and remove waste products
What is perfusion?
Main complaint of a patient experiencing a hemorrhagic stroke
What is the worst headache of their life?
What are BUN and creatinine?
The movement of fluid from an area with low solute concentration (interstitial space) to an area with a high solute concentration (intravascular space)
What is osmosis?
Electrolyte imbalance common in seizures
What is hyponatremia?
Level of prevention as it relates to promoting adequate perfusion - routine physicals, glucose monitoring, Hemoglobin A1C monitoring
What is secondary prevention
Angina that is predictable, occurs with activity, and is relieved by rest and nitroglycerin
What is stable/exertional angina?
Lab that will be decreased in renal failure
What is glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?
Type of fluid imbalance where serum osmolality, sodium, BUN, hematocrit, and urine specific gravity are increased
What is fluid volume deficit or hypovolemia?
Three manifestations of Cushing's Triad in increased intracranial pressure (ICP)
What are increased systolic blood pressure (or widened pulse pressure), decreased respirations, decreased heart rate?
Type of necrosis that is specifically caused by prolonged ischemia, when the blood supply is cut off for too long
What is infarction?
Lab that shows the number of good lipoproteins, which transport cholesterol away from the peripheral cells to the liver for excretion
What is HDL?
Electrolyte imbalance common in renal failure
What is hyperkalemia?
Type of fluid imbalance where manifestations include generalized edema, crackles in the lungs, hypertension, tachycardia, and hyponatremia
What is fluid volume excess or hypervolemia?
When the pressure inside the skull pushes the brain stem through the foramen magnum
What is herniation?
Type of perfusion that targets vital organs
What is central perfusion?
Medical term for a clot that travels through the bloodstream and lodges in a vessel
What is an embolus?
Type of acute kidney injury (AKI) that occurs due to a problem with the kidneys themselves, such as trauma, pyelonephritis, and taking nephrotoxic medications
What is intrarenal AKI?
The type of fluid imbalance that is caused by hypoalbuminemia (low albumin levels) due to albumin leaking out ot the intravascular space and entering the interstitial space
What is maldistribution?
Pain that originates in the organs (but not the brain)
What is visceral pain?
The mechanical state of the heart at the end of diastole with the ventricles at their maximum volume
What is preload?
Measures cardiac-specific proteins released into the bloodstream when heart muscle cells are damaged. It is the most sensitive and SPECIFIC MARKER for myocardial infarction
What is troponin?