A
what are the 5 functions of the skin?
Barrier Protection
Vitamin D synthesis: vitamin D is a hormone synthesized from cholesterol, and necessary for metabolism of Ca+. Calcium Is important for bones. Vd is Important forCellular reproduction and hormones for mood. 15 min a day, 3 days in a row to start VD synthesis
Sensation: touch, vibration, temperature, pain,
Thermoregulation : vasoconstriction/vasodilation
Nonverbal communication : facial expressions, acne, birthmarks,
what are the 5 epidermal cells? functions?
Keratinocytes: contain keratin(protein)
-most abundant cells of epidermis
Melanocytes: produce melanin, transfer melanin to keratinocytes
Dendritic cells: dendrite means branch. Immune cells-controlling epidermis, looking for invaders. “Defensive”
Tactile cells: “touch” and pressure.
Stem cells: undifferentiated = divide and become another cell. One stays a stem cell and one become keratinocyte
what are the 3 contributing factors to skin color?
type of melanin
amount of melanin
# of melanosomes
why don't tattoos fade away in just a few months after application?
ink is injected into dermis
WBC's cant engulf large ink particles
ink is trapped - tissue isnt moving
what are the 5 burn injuries?
heat
electricity
chemicals
friction
radiation
what are the two types of atrophy?
senile
disuse
what 5 things do you check on the skin markings when doing a cancer assessment?
asymmetrical
irregular borders
color
diameter
evolution
what are the 3 types of hemangiomas?
Strawberry hemangiomas: month after birth, through early childhood
Cavernous: flat, dull, after birth, last
Portwine stain: generally flat, deep purple/pink bc of disruption of blood flow.
Blueness of the skin and mucous membranes due to low oxygen concentration in the blood
cyanosis
cerumen is more commonly known as
earwax
temporary, nonhereditary paleness of the skin
pallor
___ ____ prevent fluids from seeping between epithelial cells
tight junctions
what is another name for a finger print?
friction ridge
How are conditions such as hypoxemia and jaundice detected in dark skinned patients?
hands, soles of feet, pale lips, discoloration of the nails and the inside of the mouth
a ____ ____ is coated in sugar molecules/glycans, which disguise it from the immune system.
spike protein
what are the 6 abnormal skin colors?
cyanosis
erythema
pallor
albinism
jaundice
hematoma
what are the types of skin grafts? where do they come from?
what are the 4 phases of tissue repair?
Bleeding into wound
clotting
fibroblastic phase
remodeling
the dermis contains which two types of tissue?
dense irregular connective tissue
areolar tissue- dermal papillary layers
location of wandering immune cells, fibroblasts, glands, piloerector muscles, nervous tissue
an epidermal pit that contains a hair and extends into the dermis or hypodermis
hair follicle
what are the 5 epidermal layers?
what are the 5 normal skin colors?
eumelanin
pheomelanin
hemoglobin
collagen
carotene
Hair only grows during the ____ phase of the hair cycle
the process in which a ribosome reads an mRNA molecule and synthesizes the protein specified by its genetic code
Translation
mRNA carries the genetic code from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
tRNA binds a free amino acid in the cytosol and delivers it to the ribosome to be added to a growing protein chain.
Ribosomes are the little "reading machines" found in the cytosol and on the outside of the rough ER and nuclear envelope. A ribosome has 3 pockets that serve as binding sites for tRNA
the 3 steps of translation are initiation, elongation, and termination
Transcription : "copying a document"
DNA is too large to leave the nucleus and participate directly in cytoplasmic protein synthesis. Therefore, it's necessary to make a small mRNA copy that can migrate through a nuclear pore into the cytoplasm.