This theory views humans as storytellers and emphasizes narrative coherence and fidelity.
Narrative Paradigm (Walter Fisher, 1984)
Who developed the Cultural Approach to Organizations?
Clifford Geertz & Michael Pacanowsky.
Who created the Uncertainty Reduction Theory?
Charles Berger (1975).
Standpoint Theory claims knowledge is shaped by what?
Social position and lived experience.
“Man is an animal suspended in webs of significance he himself has spun.”
Cultural Approach to Organizations.

Narrative Paradigm
This theory uses the “dramatistic pentad” (act, scene, agent, agency, purpose).
Dramatism (Kenneth Burke, 1945)
What method does this theory use to study workplace culture?
Ethnography.
Which theory compares relationship growth to peeling an onion?
Social Penetration Theory.
Muted Group Theory argues that language is created by which group?
Dominant groups (men).
“Life is drama and communication is symbolic action.”
Dramatism.

Dramatism
What two qualities define “good” stories according to Fisher?
Coherence and fidelity.
Which theory argues that communication creates organizations?
Communicative Constitution of Organizations (Robert McPhee, 1995).
Name the three information-seeking strategies in URT.
Passive, Active, Interactive.
Who developed Co-Cultural Theory?
Mark Orbe (1998).
“Privacy management is the negotiation of boundaries.”
Communication Privacy Management.
Views organizations as systems of shared meaning, rituals, and stories rather than just machines
Cultural approach to organizations
Burke believed all communication is what kind of action?
Symbolic action.
Stanley Deetz’s theory criticizes what form of control in workplaces.
Corporate domination/colonization.
Which theory focuses on how people react when communication norms are broken?
Expectancy Violations Theory (Judee Burgoon, 1978).
What are the three communication strategies in Co-Cultural Theory?
Assimilation, Accommodation, Separation.
“All knowledge is socially situated.”
Standpoint Theory.

Rhetoric
According to Kenneth Burke’s Dramatism, what does the “ratio” between elements of the Pentad (like act and scene) help us discover about communication?
It reveals a speaker’s motive or underlying purpose behind their message.
Name the four “flows” in CCO theory
Membership negotiation, activity coordination, self-structuring, and institutional positioning.
What is the main idea of Communication Privacy Management Theory?
People manage boundaries around private information.
Which theory centers African culture and rejects Eurocentric views?
Afrocentricity Theory (Molefi Kete Asante, 1980).
“Afrocentricity is placing African ideals at the center of analysis.”
Afrocentricity Theory.
Communication is not just information transmission, but the very mechanism that constructs organizational reality, often serving to privilege managerial interests.
Critical theory of communication in organizations
This theory is about the process of developing deeper______________ with another person through mutual self disclosure
Social penetration theory
Introduced by Kimberlee Crenshaw in 1989
Intersectionality
Developed to study the intersecting lived andongoing experiences of Black women
Intersectionality
When speaking with a new classmate, Ben changes the rate of his speech to be clearly different form hers. Ben is most clearly engaging in _______________
Divergence