Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic cells.
What is the main identifying feature between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells.
The presence or absence of the nucleus
Eukaryotic cells are smaller in size but with more internal structures. True or False
False- Eukaryotic cells are larger in size with more internal structures
Define Diffusion
The process where molecules move from a region of high concentration to low concentration.
What is the difference between polar and non-polar bonds
Polar bonds are characterized by unequal sharing of electrons between elements while Non-polar bonds are characterized by equal sharing of electrons between element.
Identify 4 cell structures that are found in both Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells
1. Ribosomes
2. Cell membrane
3. DNA
4. Cytoplasm
What cell structures make up the Endomembrane system
Ribosomes
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Apparatus
Lysosomes
What is the difference between Diffusion and Osmosis
Diffusion is when substance molecules move from region of high concentration to region of low concentration.
Osmosis is when water molecules move from region of high concentration to a region of low concentration.
Differentiate ionic and covalent bonds
Ionic bonds involve electron transfer within atoms.
Covalent bonds involve sharing of electrons between atoms.
DNA is found in both Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells. What is the structural difference of DNA chromosome(s) between the two cells
Prokaryotic cell DNA is one circular chromosome.
Eukaryotic cell DNA is linear and is organized in different chromosomes.
List the protein fibers found in Cytoskeleton from the largest to the smallest
1. Microtubule
2. Intermediate filament
3. Microfilaments (Actin)
How are phospholipids arranged in the cell membrane
Arranged in a double layer with the hydrophobic side facing inwards and the hydrophilic side facing outwards.
Why is water considered a good solvent
Because it has a partial positive and negative charge (polar bond) and therefore can attract substances with a charge.
What is the difference and/or similarities of ribosomes found in Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cell
Ribosomes in prokaryotic cells are free-floating in cytoplasm while ribosomes found in Eukaryotic cells can either be free floating in cytoplasm or attached to Endoplasmic Reticulum
Mitochondria may be considered its own within a cell. Why?
Mitochondria has its own cytoplasm, DNA, Ribosomes and a folded membrane (cristae). These features are features found in a cell.
Explain 2 factors that affect the movement of molecules in and out of the cell membrane
1. Size of the molecules- Cell membrane is made up of tightly packed lipids and smaller molecules have an easier time navigating the the tight packing of these lipids unlike large molecules.
2. Polarity (Presence of a charge)-Polar molecules and ions are repelled by the cell membrane and have a hard time passing through compared to polar molecules. This is because the cell membrane is made up of water which is non-polar and polar molecules.
Explain why ice floats on liquid water
Water molecules are held together by Hydrogen bonds. Hydrogen bonds cause solid water to expand on freezing and the molecules become less dense compared to the liquid form.
What is the structure and Function of flagella found in some prokaryotic cells.
Flagella is tail-like in structure and helps for locomotion in watery environment.
What cell structures are found in plant cells and NOT in animal cells and what are their functions.
1. Chloroplast- Attract sunlight to produce sugars for the plant.
2. Cell wall- Provides structural support for the cell.
3. Vacuoles- Used for storage. Some plants may use vacuoles for storage of chemicals to predators.
What are the three types of transport proteins involved in facilitated diffusion and how do they function
1. Non-gated channel proteins- They are membrane proteins that facilitated in diffusion by allowing molecules that are of a similar shape to go through them as long there is a concentration gradient. They stay open.
2. Gated channel proteins- They are membrane proteins that stay closed until the right molecule is bound it the protein's receptors allowing the protein to open and let the molecules through the cell membrane. Gated channel protein proteins only allow one way transportation.
3. Carrier protein- They allow proteins to be transported from one side of the membrane to the other by changing shape to fit the shape of the molecule transported and they are open to one side of the membrane at a time.
One of the properties of water is that water has a high heat capacity. Explain what this means and how this property benefits organisms.
High heat capacity means that it takes a lot of heat for water to change its temperature. Water's ability to resist temperature change helps maintain a constant body temperature for most organisms because organisms are made up of mostly water.