The Force
Forces that act on rocks to change it's shape or volume are known as this
What is stress
The shaking and trembling that results from movement of rock below the earth's surface is known as
What is an earthquake
What is a seismogram?
The best way to protect yourself in an earthquake is to
What is drop, cover and hold?
Three commonly used methods of measuring earthquakes are
What are the Mercalli scale, the Richter scale, and the Moment Magnitude scale?
Three main kinds of stress that can occur on Earth's crust are:
What are tension, compression, and shearing
These carry energy from an earthquake away from the focus
What are seismic waves
This instrument measures the tilting or raising of the ground
What is a tiltmeter?
This is an earthquake that occurs after a larger earthquake and can sometimes strike up to months later
What is an aftershock?
The number that geologists assign to an earthquake based on its size is known as its
What is magnitude
Three main types of faults are:
What are normal faults, reverse faults and strike-slip faults
Waves that expand and contract across the ground like an accordian are called
What are p waves
This instrument allows scientist to monitor changes in elevation AND horizontal movement along faults through the use of satellites
What is GPS Satellites?
Water displaced by an earthquake that occurs along the ocean floor may cause this
What is a tsunami?
This scale was developed to rate earthquakes according to the level of damage at a given place
What is the Mercalli scale?
Tension in Earth's crust that pulls rocks apart are known as
Waves that reach the surface of the earth that may make the ground roll like ocean waves are known as
What are surface waves
This instrument monitors faults through a laser beam to detect horizontal movement
What is a Laser-Ranging Device?
This occurs when an earthquake's violent shaking suddenly turns loose, soft soil into liquid mud
The rating of an earthquake based on its seismic waves is known as the___
What is the Richter scale?
Over millions of years, the forces of plate movement can cause these changes in landforms
What are: Anticlines, Synclines, Folded Mountains, Fault-Block Mountains and Platueas
The area beneath the surface of the Earth where rock that is under stress begins to break, triggering an earthquake is known as
What is the focus
This instrument uses a wire stretched across a fault to measure horizontal movement across the ground
What is a Creep Meter?
These are designed to reduce the amount of energy that reaches a building during an earthquake
What are base-isolated buildings?
A rating system that estimates the total amount of energy released by an earthquake is the
What is moment magnitude scale?