Water properties & pH
Carbon Compunds
Carbs and Lipids
Proteins & Nucleic Acids
Chemical Reactions & Enzymes
100

What kind of strong bond holds H and O together in a water molecule?

Covalent bonds

100

Which element is the basis for all life on Earth?

What is Carbon

100

What’s the main job of carbohydrates?

short-term energy

100

What are the monomers of proteins?

amino acids

100

What are the two parts of a chemical reaction? Define them both. 

Reactants = what goes in; Products = what comes out

200

What is a hydrogen bond?

A weak attraction between the slightly positive H of one molecule and the slightly negative O of another

200

What makes carbon special?

Forms 4 stable covalent bonds and builds complex structures (like carbs, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids)

200

What are the monomers of carbohydrates?

monosaccharides (single sugars)

200

Name one job of proteins in your body.

Build muscle/bones, act as enzymes, or transport molecules

200

What macromolecules are enzymes made of?

Proteins

300

What causes cohesion in water?

Hydrogen bonds between water molecules

300

What 6 elements are found in most living things?

C, H, O, N, P, S 

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous, sulfur

300

What elements are carbs and lipids made from?

CHO

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

300

What are the monomers of nucleic acids?

nucleotides

300

Thew energy needed to start a chemical reaction is called what?

Activation Energy 

400

What’s the difference between cohesion and adhesion?

Cohesion = water attracted to water; Adhesion = water attracted to other substances

400

What is a monomer? Name the monomer for ONE of the following: carbs, proteins, lipids or nucleic acids

A building block of macromolecules 

carbs= monosaccharides

lipids = glycerol + fatty acids

protein = amino acid

nucleotides = nucleic acids

400

If the monomer of carbs are monosaccharides, what are polymers of carbs called?

Polysaccharides

400

What are the two types of nucleic acids in our bodies?

DNA & RNA

400

How do enzymes speed up chemical reactions?

They lower activation energy

500

A liquid has a pH of 3. Is it an acid or a base? What ion is it high in?

Acid; high in H⁺ ions

500

What is polymerization?

The process of joining many monomers to make polymers. 

500

Name 2 functions of lipids.

long-term energy; make up cell membranes

500

Name two differences between DNA and RNA.

DNA = double stranded, deoxyribose; RNA = single stranded, ribose

500

What are two factors that can slow or stop enzyme activity?

Temperature change, pH change, or inhibitors

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