Water properties & pH
What kind of strong bond holds H and O together in a water molecule?
Covalent bonds
Which element is the basis for all life on Earth?
What is Carbon
What’s the main job of carbohydrates?
short-term energy
What are the monomers of proteins?
amino acids
What are the two parts of a chemical reaction? Define them both.
Reactants = what goes in; Products = what comes out
What is a hydrogen bond?
A weak attraction between the slightly positive H of one molecule and the slightly negative O of another
What makes carbon special?
Forms 4 stable covalent bonds and builds complex structures (like carbs, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids)
What are the monomers of carbohydrates?
monosaccharides (single sugars)
Name one job of proteins in your body.
Build muscle/bones, act as enzymes, or transport molecules
What macromolecules are enzymes made of?
Proteins
What causes cohesion in water?
Hydrogen bonds between water molecules
What 6 elements are found in most living things?
C, H, O, N, P, S
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous, sulfur
What elements are carbs and lipids made from?
CHO
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
What are the monomers of nucleic acids?
nucleotides
Thew energy needed to start a chemical reaction is called what?
Activation Energy
What’s the difference between cohesion and adhesion?
Cohesion = water attracted to water; Adhesion = water attracted to other substances
What is a monomer? Name the monomer for ONE of the following: carbs, proteins, lipids or nucleic acids
A building block of macromolecules
carbs= monosaccharides
lipids = glycerol + fatty acids
protein = amino acid
nucleotides = nucleic acids
If the monomer of carbs are monosaccharides, what are polymers of carbs called?
Polysaccharides
What are the two types of nucleic acids in our bodies?
DNA & RNA
How do enzymes speed up chemical reactions?
They lower activation energy
A liquid has a pH of 3. Is it an acid or a base? What ion is it high in?
Acid; high in H⁺ ions
What is polymerization?
The process of joining many monomers to make polymers.
Name 2 functions of lipids.
long-term energy; make up cell membranes
Name two differences between DNA and RNA.
DNA = double stranded, deoxyribose; RNA = single stranded, ribose
What are two factors that can slow or stop enzyme activity?
Temperature change, pH change, or inhibitors