Biomech
Identify the three parts that make up a lever system.
axis, resistance and force
Which one of the following best describes a fitness test performed repeatedly without testing error?
Accurate, Relevant or Reliable
Reliable
When Ekon gets to soccer training, he feels unmotivated, drowsy and apathetic.
What are some psychological techniques that would assist Ekon to increase his level of arousal and improve his performance at training?
Elevated breathing rate
Act energetic
Positive self-talk
Energising imagery
Use of music
Which of the following fuels can be used by the anaerobic glycolysis and aerobic energy systems?
Carbohydrates
Fats
Proteins
Triglycerides
Carbohydrates
What is the title of Taylor Swift's new album?
The life of a showgirl
A golfer takes a large backswing during a drive to increase the speed of the club. Which biomechanical principle is being used by the golfer?
Impulse
Single leg hops are an example of a plyometric exercise.
In the take-off phase, which sequence of muscle contractions best describes the contractions utilised by plyometric exercises?
A rapid eccentric contraction followed by a forceful concentric contraction.
Maziz (15-years-old) has just arrived in Australia with her family and has never had any swimming lessons before. By considering practice variability and distribution, discuss the optimal type of swimming lessons Maziz should undertake in order to learn to swim quickly and effectively.
Practice should be closed, consistent and not varied as it allows for motor programs to be established, cognitive processing to be minimised and confidence increased with higher levels of predictability.
Practice should be distributed as she’s likely to have a short concentration span and will benefit by receiving smaller amounts of feedback more often as Maziz is likely to have a short concentration span and will benefit by receiving smaller amounts of feedback more often.
Describe the acute physiological responses that occur at the beginning of exercise.
As oxygen demand increases and the body is in oxygen deficit, the cardiovascular, respiratory and muscular systems make changes to increase oxygen uptake and delivery. e.g. increase in respiratory rate, heart rate and gas diffusion.
What is the official animal of Scotland
Unicorn
Clearly explain the differences between the force arm and the resistance arm when evaluating mechanical advantages greater than 1.0 and less than 1.0.
The force arm is longer than the resistance arm to have mechanical advantage >1
The resistance arm is longer than the force arm to have mechanical advantage <1
Identify and discuss the three main factors that affect chronic adaptations to training.
An example of a task constraint modification specifically designed to enhance skill learning in children is:
a light racquet
small court
shorter net
What are the acute responses of the muscular system to exercise?
increase in enzyme activity, increased transport of oxygen by myoglobin, and increased ATP resynthesis within the mitochondria.
These changes help the muscles use oxygen more efficiently during exercise.
In what year did the Berlin Wall fall?
1989
If more force is required when the mechanical advantage decreases, outline the performance benefit by referring to a particular sporting example.
When the resistance arm is longer than the force arm, more force must be used to move the resistance.
If more force can be applied the resistance (cricket bat, discus, tennis racquet, etc.) will move with greater velocity (as it acts as a speed multiplier).
This allows balls to be pitched faster, serves to happen at higher speeds in tennis, javelins, discuses, etc. to be launched with higher speed resulting in greater distances.
Identify which types of chronic adaptations would occur after undertaking each training method.
Long interval training: aerobic respiratory, cardiovascular and muscular adaptations
Short interval training: anaerobic muscular adaptations
The coach of the Dynamo’s under 16 basketball team is disappointed one player constantly attempts to take the ball from one end of the court to the other without passing, then immediately attempts to take a shot.
The coach sets up two 2 v 2 half court basketball games at training and instigates the rule ‘the ball must be passed at least three times before a shot can be taken’.
Identify two constraints the coach has manipulated and classify them as either individual, environmental or task constraints.
A soccer player completes a training session involving 30 seconds of sprinting at maximal intensity. This effort is repeated 10 times with a 90-second break between sprints.
During each sprint, the primary energy system would be:
Anaerobic glycolysis
What year was the very first model of the iPhone released?
2007
Brooke Stratton set a new Australian women’s long jump record in Perth during 2016 with a jump of 7.05 metres. Use Newton’s third law to describe how Brooke was able to run down the long jump track prior to her jump, explaining what the terms equal and opposite mean in this context.
Newton’s third law of motion states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. For Brooke to move up and forward, she needs to apply force down and back (opposite). The force applied by Brooke down and back will see her move forward and up with the same force (equal).
Identify and justify which aerobic power test is best used for people wanting to complete a 5-kilometre fun run.
The Cooper 12-minute run test best replicates the event being undertaken (5 km run) and would therefore be the most valid and appropriate.
Primary school children often play volleyball using a low net and a soft ball. Use your understanding of the link between skill development, performance and participation to explain how these modifications can impact performance in volleyball.
By lowering the net and using a softer ball, it is easier for the children to play volleyball, it is less intimidating and they are less likely to hurt themselves. In this environment, motor skill development is easier, leading to improved performance. The children’s enjoyment and growing confidence will motivate them to participate further.
At a recent swimming carnival, the winner of the women’s 50 m freestyle swimming event swam a time of 23.78 seconds. Her teammate won the women’s 800 m freestyle event in 8 minutes 20.02 seconds.
With reference to chronic training adaptations, explain why anaerobic training is an important training type for both events, enabling both swimmers to compete successfully at an elite level
The 50 m relies mostly on the anaerobic energy systems, and while the 800 m is mostly powered aerobically, this event would still rely heavily on contributions from the anaerobic energy systems, especially at the start, during surges and for turns/push-offs from the wall, and the sprint over the final 50 m [1 mark].
The capacity of the anaerobic systems is finite/limited [1 mark]. When training anaerobically, both swimmers would be increasing their finite capacity/lactate tolerance [1 mark]. This chronic adaptation to anaerobic training will enable more energy to be produced from the anaerobic systems, which can produce energy at a faster rate, resulting in faster times in both the 50 m and 800 m events [1 mark].
What was Superman’s birth name?
Kal-El