Energy Acquisition
Exchange processes between organisms
and their environment often occur
through the physical process of
What is DIFFUSION
A common adaption that allows for increased gas exchange
What is INCREASED SURFACE AREA
In animals, structures with high surface areas have evolved, such as
What are ALVEOLI IN LUNGS/GILLS IN FISH
Vascular tissues in plants that transport water + minerals and sugars
What is the XYLEM AND PHLOEM
The metabolic rate of an endotherm at rest at a “comfortable” temperature
What is BASAL METABOLIC RATE
Animals that depend on organic compounds for both energy and carbon are called what?
CHEMOHETEROTROPHS
A single hemoglobin molecule can carry how many O2 molecules
4
A higher solute concentration and a lower free H2O
concentration
Which type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?
the summer torpor is called _____ and the winter torpor is called _____
what is ESTIVATION and HIBERNATION
Name the stage of digestion where food is broken into smaller pieces to increase surface area for enzymes.
What is MECHANICAL DIGESTION
Formula for Cellular Respiration
What is C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy (ATP, heat)
Are iso-osmotic with their surroundings and do not regulate their osmolarity
What is OSMOCONFORMERS
What plant structure regulates CO₂ uptake and water loss?
STOMATA
The enzyme in the mouth that breaks down polysaccharides
What is AMYLASE
Formula for PHOTOSYNTHESIS
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light energy --> C6H12O6 + 6 O2
Name the small air sacs in mammalian lungs where gas exchange occurs.
What is ALVEOLI
Fish in a saltwater environment osmoregulate by
EXCRETION OF SALT IONS THROUGH GILLS AND URINE
Receive blood entering the heart
What is ATRIA
This ratio is higher in small animals, requiring them to have elevated energy expenditure per unit mass to maintain body temperature
What is Surface-Area to Volume
What is the term for the metabolic rate of an ectotherm at rest at a specific temperature?
What is STANDARD METABOLIC RATE
An adaptation fish use to extract O2 from water. Must be able to explain the process
What is COUNTERCURRENT EXCHANGE
A circuit used to describe an organism that carries blood from the heart to the lung and skin for gas exchange
What is PULMOCUTANEOUS CIRCUIT
Name the heart phase when ventricles contract and push blood into arteries.
What is VENTICULAR SYSTOLE
HCL activates the inactive form of what enzyme to help with digestion
Pepsin