1.1 Geography Basics
What are the 4 main directions, which are also known as the Cardinal Directions?
What is North,East,South,West?
How long does it take Earth to rotate, or turn all the way around on its axis?
24 hours (1 day on Earth)
What is the difference between weather and climate?
Weather is the condition of the air and sky at a certain time and place. (Day to day)
Climate is the average weather of a place (over many years).
How does Erosion change the land?
What is a process that acts on soil and pieces of rock. Water, ice, or wind remove small pieces of rock and soil and move them to another place.
Out of these 5:
Earthquakes | Temperature | Precipitation | Volcanic Eruptions| Tsunamis
Which 2 help make up weather and climate?
What is Temperature and precipitation?
How can geographers describe the location of any point on Earth?
What is longitude and latitude? Absolute location?
What are time zones?
What is areas that share the same time.
Why is it warm all year near the equator?
They hot year round due to the sun being overhead nearly all year long (Sun is stronger in the Tropical zone than any other latitude zone)
How does Weathering change the land?
What is a process where rocks can be broken down into tiny pieces and caused by chemicals, wind, and water.
How does hot air tend to move on Earth in the latitude zones?
Hot air rises near the equator in the tropical zone.
Hot air rises in the temperate zones and sinks over the poles.
What is shown on a political map? What is shown on a physical map?
Political map: Countries, states, capitals, and cities
Physical Map: Shows physical features of a place.
What is an equinox? What seasons begin at the equinoxes?
What is a point at which, everywhere on Earth, days and nights are nearly equal in length. Fall and Spring seasons
What is an ocean current?
Ocean currents act like large rivers within the oceans.
How does deposition change the land?
How does Cold air tend to move on Earth?
Cool air sinks at the edges of the tropical zone.
Hot air from the temperate zones cools and sinks over the poles.
Name the 5 themes of Geography
Movement, Region, Human environment interaction, location, and place
What is a Solstice? What seasons begin with the Solstices?
What is a point at which days are longest in one hemisphere and shortest in the other. Winter and summer seasons
How do ocean currents affect climates?
Some ocean currents move warm water from the tropics to the poles. Other currents move cool water from the Poles to the tropics.
Why do pieces of Earth's crust move?
Earth's crust and upper mantle are made up of huge blocks called tectonic plates and move over the fluid rock of the mantle. 1-2 inches a year.
What problem do all map projections have to solve, and why can't they solve it perfectly?
Projecting the round earth on a flat surface while maintaining accuracy of the land and water, distortion always occurs during mapmaking.
Describe the 3 parts of Earth's structure
Core
Mantle
Crust
Core: Sphere of very hot metal at center of Earth
Mantle: Thick layer around the core. So hot it is fluid
Crust: Thin layer of rocks and minerals surrounding the mantle.
What is the water cycle?
The process of water moving from Earth's surface into the atmosphere and back again.
1. Ground water/Body of water
2. Evaporation
3. Condensation.
4. Precipitation
Back to step 1.
How are Mountains made?
What is When two plates push against each other, pressure bends the crust to form mountains.
What are the 3 types of climate regions and where are they found? (What zones)
Warm - Tropical zone (Tropics)
Moderate/Seasonal - Temperate zones
Cold - Polar zones