Membrane Structure
The term that describes how phospholipids have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties
Membrane proteins comprise this percentage of the plasma membrane
50%
These are small, amphipathic molecules that can be used to study membrane proteins by disturbing the lipid bilayer
Detergents
Active Transport
In the Na+ - K+ pump, 3 Na+ are pumped in this direction and 2 K+ are pumped in this direction.
3 Na+ outside of the cell
2 K+ inside of the cell
This type of ion channel opens and closes in response to membrane potential
Voltage-gated
The purpose of glycolysis is to break down this sugar.
Glucose
What molecule is pyruvate made into that feeds into the TCA?
Acetyl CoA
Where in the mitochondria does oxidative phosphorylation occur?
Inner mitochondrial membrane
The organelle where photosynthesis takes place
Chloroplast
These two properties of a phospholipid tail would result in a less fluid membrane
Saturated Hydrocarbons
Longer Chains
This type of membrane protein extends across the bilayer as either an alpha helix or a beta sheet
Transmembrane
FRAP
This property allows molecules to readily pass through membranes without assistance
Nonpolar
The "leaking" of this ion helps to maintain membrane potential
K+
This type of ion channel can be found in our ears and open in response to sound vibrations
Mechanically-gated
The first enzyme in the glycolytic pathway is this and converts glucose into glucose 6-phosphate
hexokinase
How many steps are there in the TCA?
8
NADH
These are the two stages of photosynthesis.
Light reactions and Calvin cycle
This enzyme is responsible for moving random phospholipids across the bilayer
Scramblase
SDS
One of the ways in which membrane protein movement can be restricted
Tethered to the cortex
Attached to proteins on another cell's surface
Diffusion barriers
Attached to extracellular matrix molecules
This type of membrane protein undergoes a conformational change in order to move molecules across the bilayer
Transporter
The movement of this ion is ATP driven and pumps for it can be found on the plasma membrane or the ER
Ca2+
In neurons, this type of ion channels is the first to open in neurons, resulting in membrane depolarization
Ligand-gated
2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, 2 NADH
These are the products of the citric acid cycle
3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 GTP
This mobile carrier contains an iron and transfers electrons from complex III to complex IV.
Cytochrome C
This is the key light-capturing pigment that participates in the light reactions
Chlorophyll A
This organelle is where membrane assembly begins
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Spectrin
This technique can follow an individual molecule within a membrane to determine its mobility
Single Particle Tracking
This is the type of gradient that works upon ions
Electrochemical Gradient
The electrochemical gradient of this ion helps drive glucose transport into animal cells
Na+
This technique can be used by scientists to monitor the activity of ion channels by connecting an electrode to a region of the cell membrane
Patch-clamp
1, 3, and 10
Acetyl CoA is added to this final product of the TCA, generating citrate
Oxaloacetate
These establish a proton gradient that helps drive the generation of ATP.
Protons
This mobile electron carrier passes electrons from photosystem II to a proton pump.
Plastoquinone
The addition of these adds a protective coat to animal cells
Carbohydrates
You would likely expect to find this type of amino acid on the inside of beta-barrel
What is recognized on the surface of neutrophils that allows them to exit the bloodstream to go to the site of infection?
Carbohydrates
This type of channel has a selectivity filter and is often gated
Ion Channels
The pumping of this ion is important in controlling pH in various cellular compartments
H+
The opening of ion channels allows for this to happen to membranes, generating an action potential.
Depolarization
This enzyme splits the 6-carbon sugar into 2, 3-carbon sugars.
Aldolase
This enzyme removes 2 hydrogens from succinate, donating them to FAD and producing fumarate. It is also complex II of the ETC.
Succinate Dehydrogenase
Also known as cytochrome c oxidase
Complex IV
These are the 3 phases of the Calvin cycle
1. Carbon Fixation
2. Reduction
3. Regeneration of RuBP