PAD
What is the recommended first diagnostic test for screening and confirming peripheral arterial disease (PAD)?
Ankle-brachial index (ABI)
What scoring system is recommended for stroke risk assessment?
CHA2DS2-VA
In patients with suspected chronic coronary syndrome and a low to moderate (5%–50%) pre-test probability of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD), what is the preferred diagnostic method for assessing CAD?
CT Angiography (CTA)
What is LVEF cut-off for the primary mitral regurgitation surgery?
Below 60 %
What is the name of the trial that enrolled patients with acute decompensated HF, clinical signs of volume overload and an NT-proBNP level of >1000 pg/mL, randomized to receive intravenous (i.v.) acetazolamide (500 mg once daily) or placebo?
ADVOR trial
Which long-term antithrombotic strategy is recommended after revascularization for symptomatic PAD?
Dual pathway inhibition / rivaroxaban 2.5 mg BID + ASA
Which acronym refers to the concept of integrated care for patients with atrial fibrillation?
AF-CARE
For patients who are statin-intolerant and do not achieve their LDL-C goal on ezetimibe, what is the medical therapy of choice ?
Bempedoic acid
What is the five-year survival rate for symptomatic aortic stenosis?
Around 20 %
What is the name of the first trial to report efficacy of SGLT2 inhibitors in HFpEF patients?
EMPEROR-Preserved trial
What is the aortic diameter threshold for surgery (in mm) in patients with Marfan syndrome, if no additional risk factors are present?
50 mm
Within how many hours of the new-onset atrial fibrillation can cardioversion be performed without the need for prior TEE or anticoagulation?
48 hours
Which trial demonstrated that, in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) combined with optimal medical therapy resulted in a significant improvement in long-term mortality compared with medical therapy alone?
STICH trial
According to the 2025 ESC guidelines for valvular diseases, what is the new age limit above which TAVI has a recommendation class of 1?
70 years
In the STRONG-HF trial, how long after discharge was titration to full target doses of oral therapies attempted?
2 weeks
In a patient with an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), which additional artery should be screened for aneurysm?
Popliteal
What is the risk of progression to clinical atrial fibrillation in patients with subclinical atrial fibrillation?
6-9 % yearly
What is the name of the score that integrates the anatomical complexity of coronary artery disease (CAD) to help guide decision-making between coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)?
SYNTAX score
In the TRILUMINATE trial, which component of the composite outcome led to a positive outcome for the TEER procedure compared to medical therapy? Improvement in quality of life
Improvement in quality of life (KCCQ score)
What is satisfactory diuretic response measured as urine output during first 6h after initial dose of intravenous loop diuretic in patients with acute heart failure?
>100-150 mL/h
What is the name of autosomal dominant disease caused by pathogenic variants in the COL3A1 gene, which provoke a disruption in the assembly of type III collagen fibrils, causing loss of mechanical strength of arteries and other hollow organs, especially the bowel and uterus.
Vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
What is the class of recommendation and level of evidence for the introduction of oral anticoagulant therapy when CHA₂DS₂-VA = 1?
IIa C
Which invasive treatment may be considered for patients with refractory angina pectoris that remains unmanageable despite optimal medical therapy and revascularization?
Coronary Sinus Reducer (CSR))
In the case of suspected severe low-flow, low-gradient aortic stenosis with LVEF above 50%, which is the first diagnostic test according to the 2025 ESC guidelines for valvular diseases?
Cardiac computed tomography (Aortic valve calcium score)
What is NT-proBNP cut-off value for diagnosis of acute heart failure in patients between 55 and 75 years of age?
900 pg/mL