Measurement & Data
What is ABC data?
antecedent – behavior – consequence
What are the four main functions of behavior?
Escape, Attention, Tangible, Sensory
When a learner can use a skill in different settings, with different people, or materials, this is called what?
Generalization
What does “objective” mean in your session note?
Based on observable facts, not opinions
The result of reinforcement is that behavior is
strengthened
Record ABC data for this scenario:
Kiddo has tantruming behavior that lasts 17 minutes after therapist denies access to outside because it is raining. Therapist ignores tantruming behavior and redirects the child to playing with the teeter-totter in gross motor
A: Therapist denied access to outside
B: Child tantrums for 17 minutes
C: Therapist ignores behavior and redirected child to playing inside
When a behavior stops because reinforcement is no longer provided, this is called what?
Extinction
How might you shape a child saying the word “bunny?”
buh> bun> bunny
What do you put in a session note?
What they ate, when they went to the bathroom, programs ran, behaviors shown, interventions used, what they played with, etc.
The manipulation of Motivating Operations is a(n)
antecedent intervention
What is permanent product?
Give an example?
Tangible product or environmental outcome that proves a skill.
Give one example of an antecedent strategy
Visual schedule, priming, clear expectations, choice-making, etc.
Prompting is
A cue or assistance to encourage a desired response and used to provide assistance to increase clients success and reduce frustration with learning new skills/behaviors
An RBT notices bruises on a child’s arms and suspects abuse. What should they do first?
Report it to the OM and complete and incident report
When would you provide reinforcement if a client was on a continuous schedule of reinforcement?
Reinforcement is delivered for each occurrence of the target behavior.
What are the four forms of continuous measurement?
Frequency/count: the amount of times, or count, a behavior or response happens
Duration: the amount of time that someone engages in a behavior.
Latency: The time between when the Sd is presented, and the response is given
IRT/Inter-response time: The time between two responses given.
What is differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior (DRI), and how does it differ from DRO?
DRI reinforces a behavior that cannot co-occur with problem behavior; DRO reinforces absence of problem behavior regardless of what is done.
Teaching a chain of behaviors by teaching the last step first is called what?
Backward chaining
Provide examples of treating your client with dignity
Respecting clients privacy
Not talking about clients (especially negatively) outside of work
Maintaining their cleanliness
What is extinction
When a reinforcer is no longer provided after a response
List the forms of Discontinuous measurement and what they are.
Partial Interval Recording: involves checking off an interval if the behavior occurs at ANY point within the interval - even if it only occurred for 1 second.
Momentary Time Sample: looking for a behavior’s occurrence during a specific part of the interval, and recording if it is occurring at that precise moment
Whole Interval Recording: Involves checking off an interval if the behavior occurs within the entirety of the interval
How do you handle a learner that is going through extinction burst?
Do not reinforce behavior.
Utilize differential reinforcement and stay consistent.
When a child says “cookie” after seeing one, then later says “cookie” when hungry with no cookie present, what has occurred?
Stimulus control transfer
What is Mandated Reporting?
Mandated reporting refers to occurrences that are REQUIRED to be reported to the proper authorities. These could include Child Protective Services (CPS) or the police. Certain professions are considered Mandated Reporters because of the working proximity they have with children or vulnerable populations.
What do FR and VR stand for?
How do we use them?
FR: Fixed ratio (specific # of responses)
VR: Variable ratio (varying # of responses)
We use them for reinforcement schedules.