Westward Expansion
Where was the Transcontinental Railroad completed in 1869?
Promontory, Utah
What was the main cause of conflict between settlers and Native Americans in the late 1800s?
Competition for land and resources
What 1882 law banned immigration from China?
Chinese Exclusion Act
Which class enjoyed new leisure activities like public parks?
Middle class
What process allowed industries to produce goods faster and cheaper?
Mass Production
What was one major economic effect of the railroads on farmers?
Allowed shipment of crops to distant markets
Which Native leader argued for sovereignty and freedom of movement?
Chief Joseph
What 1883 poem symbolized welcoming immigrants to America?
"The New Colossus” by Emma Lazarus
What belief held that the wealthy had a moral duty to improve society?
The Gospel of Wealth
What political group represented angry farmers and laborers?
The Populist Party
Which group formed to fight high railroad rates?
The Grange
Who rejected Native sovereignty, arguing tribes should be managed on reservations?
Commissioner Ely Parker
What was a continuous feature of American immigration according to historians?
Acculturation — blending old and new cultures
What corrupt political organizations traded services for votes?
Political machines
What was one of the Progressives’ major reforms for children?
Compulsory education laws
What new communities developed along rail lines due to expansion?
Commercial centers and trade hubs
What government policy concentrated Native Americans on reservations for “Christian civilization”?
Reservation system/Assimilation
According to Bodnar, what motivated immigrant families?
Familial welfare over individual success
What reformer founded Hull House and led the settlement movement?
Jane Addams
What movement sought to apply moral values to political reform?
The Progressive Movement
Why did some Americans oppose the railroad corporations?
They viewed them as monopolies exploiting farmers and workers
How did U.S. officials justify limiting Native sovereignty?
By claiming tribes were not independent nations
What caused tension between immigrant generations?
Desire to preserve old customs vs. modern outlook
What Christian-inspired movement influenced Addams’ activism?
The Social Gospel
What was a core Populist demand regarding railroads?
Government ownership of transportation systems