Catechism
The way things really are
List three of many specialties practiced by earth scientists
Geology, oceanography, meteorology
Distinguish between renewable and nonrenewable resources. Give 1 example for each
Renewable is a natural resource that can be replaced as used. trees, water, etc.
nonrenewable is a natural resource that can not be replaced when used. iron or coal
Describe the shape of the earth
Oblate spheroid, flattened sphere where the equator has a greater radius than the measurement from the center of the pole
3 types of volcanoes largest to smallest
shield, composite cone, cinder cone
List 4 major earth systems
List 4 mineral properties that can be used to identify a mineral
color, streak, luster, hardness
Name 3 tectonic plate boundaries and descibe
Convergent- 2 plates collide
Divergent-move apart
Transform- slide past each other
The full moon is on the opposite side of the earth from where the sun is, so the full moon rises roughly when the sun sets and sets roughly when the sun rises.
Order the phases of the moon throughout the lunar cycle
New moon, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full moon, waning gibbous, last quarter, waning crescent.
Why is the climate in the northern hemisphere warm in the summer and cold in the winter?
as the earth orbits, its axis always points in the same direction. in June, the northern hemisphere is pointed towards the sun and recieves more sunlight then the southern. In December, it is pointed away from the sun so receives less sunlight
Difference between minerals and rocks
a mineral is a naturally occurring, inorganic, crystalline solid with a definite chemical composition and definite physical property. A rock is a a solid mixture of one or more minerals
Distinguish between mineral and ores.
Ore is a mineral that can contains a useful substance be mined for profit. Whether a mineral is an ore depends on the price of the mineral and the concentration of the mineral in a given area
What is the formula for percent slope?
percent slope = rise over run X 100%
Distinguish between magma and lava
magma is the molten rock inside the earth, while lava is molten rock flowing on the surface
What is the difference between solar and lunar eclipses?
Why are map projections necessary for making maps.
Earth is spherical, so true sizes and angles need to be distorted in order to make a flat map.
Pacific are much narrower. in some places almost no continental shelf and the seafloor slopes steeply down to the deep ocean trenches.
the fact that there are 2 regions in shadows cast from light sources, the umbra and penumbra. People located in the umbra of the moons shadow will see a total eclipse and people located in the penumbra with only see a partial eclipse
Explain why good stewardship of the earth is a biblical concept
In Genesis, God made Adam and Eve vice-regents, ruling Earth in God's place. We are to be stewards of creation for Gods glory, for the good of all people of the earth, and for the flourishing of the creation itself
Explain the habitable zone and give an example
A habitable zone is a place where conditions are right for life. Just right distance from the sun so not to hot or cold.
List the parts of the scientific enterprise and briefly explain
Hypothesis(educated prediction), experiment(test hypothesis), analysis(are results consistent with original theory), and theory(our best explanation)
Continental drift theory
States that all continents were once joined, called Pangea. Great flood split them apart and they drifted into the positions they are now in
Its fairly easy to determine latitude by the north star. They did not have the tools to accurately determine longitude until the 1700's.