It's Just a Phase
Which state of matter has a definite shape and volume?
Solid
What does the kinetic particle theory explain about matter?
It explains how particles move and how this affects the state of matter.
What is the process called when ice turns into water?
Melting
What is Brownian motion?
The random, zigzag movement of tiny particles suspended in a fluid.
What is gas pressure caused by?
Collisions of gas particles with the walls of their container.
In which state of matter do particles move freely and fill the entire container?
Gas
According to the kinetic theory, what happens to particle speed when temperature increases?
Particles move faster.
What is condensation?
The change of state from gas to liquid.
Which scientist first observed Brownian motion?
Robert Brown
What happens to gas pressure if volume decreases and temperature stays the same?
Pressure increases
What happens to the movement of particles when a solid melts?
The particles move faster and slide past one another.
Why do gases expand when heated?
Because the particles move faster and spread farther apart.
What change of state occurs when solid iodine turns directly into gas?
Sublimation
How does Brownian motion provide evidence for the existence of particles?
It shows that invisible particles (like air molecules) are constantly moving and colliding with visible particles.
Why does a balloon burst when overinflated?
The pressure inside becomes greater than the balloon’s elastic limit.
Why do solids not flow easily?
Rarticles are tightly packed and vibrate in fixed positions.
Compare the forces of attraction between particles in solids, liquids, and gases.
Strongest in solids, weaker in liquids, weakest in gases.
What is the difference between evaporation and boiling?
Evaporation happens slowly at any temperature on the surface, while boiling happens quickly throughout the liquid at its boiling point.
Describe what happens to the motion of pollen grains in warm water compared to cold water.
They move faster in warm water because particles collide more often and with greater energy.
Explain why gas pressure increases when the temperature rises in a closed container.
Particles move faster, hitting the container walls more often and with greater force.
Describe the particle arrangement and motion in gases compared to solids.
Gas particles are far apart and move freely at high speed; solid particles are close together and vibrate in place.
How does the kinetic theory explain why a balloon shrinks when cooled?
Cooling slows particle motion, reducing collisions with the balloon’s walls and lowering pressure.
Why does wet clothes dry faster on a windy day?
Because moving air carries away water vapor quickly, speeding up evaporation.
What causes the random zigzag movement of smoke particles in air?
Collisions with rapidly moving air molecules.
How does kinetic particle theory explain the relationship between gas pressure and volume?
Reducing volume increases particle collisions per second, raising pressure.