Cell Cycle Checkpoints
What do checkpoints in the cell cycle monitor?
Cell growth and development
What enzyme unwinds DNA?
Helicase
The process of copying DNA into mRNA is called what?
Transcription
A mutation that substitutes one base for another is called what?
Point (Substitution) mutation
How many nucleotides make up one codon?
3
In Griffith’s experiment, what happened when harmless bacteria were mixed with heat-killed harmful bacteria?
Harmless bacteria changed into harmful bacteria
What enzyme adds nucleotides to a new DNA strand?
DNA Polymerase
The process of reading mRNA to build a protein is called what?
Translation
A mutation that adds an extra nucleotide is called what?
Frameshift (insertion)
If DNA reads 5' ATG CCA TTG 3', what is the mRNA code?
3' UAC GGU AAC 5'
When are chromosomes visible in the cell cycle?
Mitosis
In DNA replication, each strand serves as a template for a new one. What is this process called?
Semi-conservative replication
Where does transcription take place?
Nucleus
A mutation that removes a nucleotide is called what?
Frameshift (deletion)
How many nucleotides are needed to code for twelve amino acids?
36
During which phase of the cell cycle are chromosomes visible?
Mitosis
DNA polymerase works in which direction on the new strand?
5’ to 3’
In what organelle does translation occur?
Ribosome
A mutation that STOPs production of a protein.
Nonsense
Transcribe 5' AUG GGT AAC 3'
MET - Gly - Asn
As cell size increases, what happens to the surface area-to-volume ratio?
It decreases
What is the complementary DNA strand to TACGTGA?
ATGCACT
What is the flow of genetic information known as (DNA → mRNA → Protein)?
Central Dogma
A mutation that does not change the amino acid sequence is called what?
Silent mutation
What is the Central Dogma of Biology?
DNA - Codes for RNA - which makes a Protein