What is A Living Thing? + Cell Theory
These kind of organisms do not have a nucleus and are not multi-cellular
What is a prokaryotic organism?
Also known as the brain of the cell
What is the nucleus?
Thymine & Guanine (T&G) bases pair with these bases
What is Adenine and Guanine (A and G)
The repeating series of growth, DNA replication, and division that cells go through
What is the cell cycle?
A group of cells that share a DNA mutation in a gene that causes them to ignore cell signals to stop dividing and going through programmed cell death, invading nearby tissue and often spreading to other regions in the body
What is cancer?
Another word for unspecialized cells
stem cells
The 3 organ systems we learned about in class
What is the circulatory, digestive, and respiratory system
The seven criteria for a living thing?
What is has homeostasis, reproduces, uses energy, responds to its environment, grows, made of cells
The heat energy generated by cell respiration in the mitochondria is used to drive a pump that assembles this high energy molecule for use by the cell
What is ATP?
DNA encodes for this
The proteins that make up the physical features of an organism (or an answer like this)
is the division of DNA and the nucleus. b is the division of the cytoplasm and the rest of the organelles
What is mitosis and cytokinesis ?
A tumour that is showing no tendency to spread or invade surroundign tissue
What is a benign tumour?
This is the process through which cell lines become specialized
What is cell differentiation?
These are the 4 stages of the digestive system
What is ingestion, digestion, absorption, elimination?
The scientist who first saw "cells" while looking at cork under a microscope in 1665
Who is Robert Hooke?
3 of the main differences between plant and animal cells
What are cell wall, chloroplast, and large vacuole
or flagella
This is the shape of a DNA molecule
During interphase, the cell makes a copy of it's DNA during this sub-phase
S-phase
A change in the sequence of an organism's DNA
What is a mutation?
These are the 4 types of tissues found in the human body
What is epithelial, nervous, muscle, and connective tissue?
This system is responsible for getting oxygen into the blood and removing carbon dioxide
What is the respiratory system?
This type of microscope allows for the highest magnification and most detailed observation of a cell's internal structure
What is a transmission electron microscope?
The major (among many) defining difference in the cells of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms
What is the nucleus?
The sides (back bone) of a DNA molecule are made from this
What is sugar and phosphate
Following metaphase, the chromosomes are in what form once they split at the centromere
What is chromatid?
The cell cycle has 3 of these, once at metaphase, once before DNA replication in G1 phase, and again after DNA replication in G2 phase
What is a checkpoint
what is Apoptosis?
This system helps maintain body temp, transport nutrients, carry waste for disposal, and help disease fighting cells get to sites of infection- and much more!
What is the circulatory system?
These are the 3 parts of cell theory
What is the cell is the basic unit of all life, all cells come from pre-existing cells, all life is made up of one or more cells
Newly transcribed RNA needs to cross this membrane to reach the ribosomes for translation into proteins
What is the nuclear membrane?
The structure that is formed when DNA is unwound and both strands are pulled apart down the middle to allow for copying of the DNA molecule and the production of 2 new daughter strands
What is the replication fork?
The spindle fibers and centrioles are broken down during this phase
Telophase
An environmental factor that can cause mutations that may lead to cancer
What is a carcinogen?
This is the correct scientific definition of both types of stem cells
What are embryonic/pluripotent and somatic stem cells?
These finger like structures found in the small intestine feature dense networks of capillaries to allow for the diffusion of nutrients into the bloodstream
What are villi