Rocks and Minerals
A solid, nonliving substance found in nature
When a mineral breaks into flat surfaces
What is cleavage?
A scientist that studies rocks and minerals
What is a geologist?
A rock formed under layers of compacted sediments that often has rock particles cemented together in layers
What is sedimentary rock?
A nonliving substance made of minerals
What is a rock?
The way a mineral shines
What is luster?
Melted rock ABOVE the Earth
What is lava?
A rock changed by heat and pressure that typically has crystals and layers
What is metamorphic rock?
Lava or magma ________ to create igneous rock
What is cools?
A mineral that is rare, beautiful, and hard to scratch
What is a gemstone?
How a mineral reacts to acid?
What is acid reaction?
Melted rock UNDER the Earth
What is magma?
A rock formed from cooled magma or lava that is glass-like and with air pockets
What is igneous rock?
Igneous rock undergoes _______ and ______ to become sedimentary rock
What is weathering and erosion?
Tiny bits of weathered rocks
What is sediments?
The colour of a mineral when is turns to powder
What is streak?
When sediments are pressed together
What is compaction?
Limestone, sandstone, and conglomerate are all examples of ________ rocks
What is sedimentary rocks?
Sediments undergo ______ and _______ to become sedimentary rock
What is compaction and sedimentation?
A test to determine a minerals hardness
What is Moh's scale of hardness
The breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces
What is weathering?
Schist, gneiss, marble, and slate are all examples of _____ rock?
What is metamorphic rock?
Sedimentary rocks undergo _______ and _______ to become metamorphic rocks