Bone Basics
•How many bones does the average adult human skeleton have?
206
•What percentage of bone weight is made up of mineral components like calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate?
60–70%
What are bone cells called?
Osteocytes
•What is the name for the process where bones adapt and strengthen with training?
Hypertrophy
•What disorder involves decreased bone mass and strength, leading to fractures?
Osteoporosis
•Babies are born with approximately how many bones?
270
What percentage of bone weight is water?
25–30%
•What structure allows bones to grow in length?
Epiphyseal plates (growth plates)
•What law states that bone density and shape are influenced by the forces acting on them?
Wolff’s Law
•Which gender and age group is most affected by Type I osteoporosis?
Postmenopausal women over 50
•Which skeleton includes the skull, thoracic cage, and vertebral column?
Axial skeleton
•Which substance contributes to bone flexibility and tensile strength?
Collagen
•What are the three parts of a long bone called?
Epiphysis, metaphysis, diaphysis
•What two types of cells are responsible for the remodeling process?
Osteoblasts and osteoclasts
•: Which syndrome combines osteoporosis, disordered eating, and amenorrhea?
Female Athlete Triad
•What are the three main mechanical functions of bone?
Support, protection, and levers for motion
•Which component contributes to bone stiffness and compressive strength?
Mineral components
•What is the hollow area inside the diaphysis used for fat storage?
Medullary cavity
•Name two factors that can diminish bone density.
Lack of weight-bearing exercise, bed rest, space travel
•What type of bone fracture is caused by twisting of the bone?
Spiral fracture
•Which bone cells are responsible for forming new bone tissue?
Osteoblasts
•Name the two main categories of bone based on porosity.
Cortical (compact) and trabecular (cancellous) bone
•What is the name of the outer layer of the bone that contains blood vessels and nerves?
Periosteum
What type of exercise best promotes bone density?
Weight-bearing exercise
•What type of fracture results from repetitive low loads and insufficient remodeling time?
Stress fracture